# US 5,703,595 A · Method and apparatus for erratic doppler frequency shift compensation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,703,595 A - Document ID: US5703595A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/691,256 - Filed: 1996-08-02 - Granted: 1997-12-30 - Earliest claimed: 1996-08-02 - Assignees: Motorola, Inc. - Inventors: Daniel Richard Tayloe; Nathan West Miller; Robert Thomas Frederick - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5703595A ## CPC - H04B 1/10: Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference - H04B 7/18508: {with satellite system used as relay, i.e. aeronautical mobile satellite service} - H04B 7/18513: {Transmission in a satellite or space-based system} - H04B 7/208: Frequency-division multiple access {[FDMA]} - H04W 56/0035: {detecting errors in frequency or phase} - G01S 11/10: using Doppler effect - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES ## Abstract A communication system includes base communication units (105, 155) facilitating a communication link with portable communication units (110) in motion relative to base communication units. The relative motion between base communication units (105, 155) and portable communication units (110) introduces Doppler frequencies into communication links (115, 165). When portable communication units (110) travel in a predictable direction (119), frequency offsets for Doppler compensation are generally predictable. However, when portable communication units (110) move erratically in relationship to a base communication unit (105, 155), frequency offsets for Doppler compensation are not easily calculated. Incorporation of velocity vector data into the frequency offset calculation for Doppler compensation provides reliable tracking and Doppler frequency compensation for erratic motion of portable communication units (110). ## Claims ### Claim 1 In a communication system having a portable communication unit in motion with a dynamic velocity vector, a method for tracking and compensating erratic Doppler frequency shift in a communication link employing a frequency offset for Doppler compensation, said method comprising the steps of: measuring a present velocity vector of said portable communication unit; calculating a differential velocity vector between said present velocity vector and a previous velocity vector, said previous velocity vector being an earlier iterative stored sample of a velocity vector; supplementing standard frequency offset generation with said differential velocity vector, said standard frequency offset generation providing adequate tracking of non-erratic Doppler frequency shift; and generating said frequency offset using said standard frequency offset generation and said differential velocity vector. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said supplementing step comprises the steps of: when said differential velocity vector exceeds a standard tracking threshold, supplementing standard frequency offset generation with said differential velocity vector, said standard frequency offset generation providing adequate tracking of non-erratic Doppler frequency shift. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method as recited in claim 2, wherein said standard tracking threshold is a velocity change threshold. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method as recited in claim 2, wherein said standard tracking threshold is a Doppler frequency shift threshold. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The method as recited in claim 2, wherein said standard tracking threshold is an acceleration threshold. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said measuring step comprises the step of: employing a global positioning system for generation of said present velocity vector. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said measuring step comprises the step of: employing conventional aircraft avionics for generation of said present velocity vector. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said supplementing step further comprises the step of: employing Kalman filtering for said standard frequency offset generation. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said supplementing step further comprises the step of: employing iterative transmission feedback denoting frequency offset errors of said Doppler compensation from said standard frequency offset generation. ### Claim 10 In a communication system having a plurality of collocated portable communication units in motion and having a dynamic velocity vector, a method for tracking and compensating Doppler frequency shift in a communication link employing a frequency offset for Doppler compensation, said method comprising the steps of: measuring a present velocity vector of said plurality of collocated portable communication units; calculating a differential velocity vector between said present velocity vector and a previous velocity vector, said previous velocity vector being an earlier iterative stored sample of a velocity vector; when said differential velocity vector exceeds a standard tracking threshold, supplementing standard frequency offset generation with said differential velocity vector, said standard frequency offset generation providing adequate tracking Of non-erratic Doppler frequency shift; and generating said frequency offset using said standard frequency offset generation and said differential velocity vector. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method as recited in claim 10, further comprising the steps of: partitioning said plurality of collocated portable communication units into a first portion having a first Doppler frequency shift and a second portion having a second Doppler frequency shift; and generating a first frequency offset using said standard frequency offset generation and said differential velocity vector for use by said first portion of said plurality of collocated portable communication units, and a second frequency offset using said standard frequency offset generation and said differential velocity vector for use by said second portion of said plurality of collocated portable communication units. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method as recited in claim 11, wherein said measuring step comprises the step of: employing a global positioning system for generation of said present velocity vector. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The method as recited in claim 11, wherein said measuring step comprises the step of: employing conventional aircraft avionics for generation of said present velocity vector. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) The method as recited in claim 11, wherein said supplementing step further comprises the step of: employing Kalman filtering for said standard frequency offset generation. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The method as recited in claim 11, wherein said supplementing step further comprises the step of: employing iterative transmission feedback denoting frequency offset errors of said Doppler compensation from said standard frequency offset generation. ### Claim 16 A communication system for tracking and compensating erratic Doppler frequency shift in a communication link employing a frequency offset for Doppler compensation during dynamic variations in velocity vectors in said communication system, comprising: a base communication unit for cooperatively establishing and communicating over said communication link; and a portable communication unit in motion for measuring a present velocity vector, calculating a differential velocity vector between said present velocity vector and a previous velocity vector, when said differential velocity vector exceeds a standard tracking threshold, supplementing standard frequency offset generation with said differential velocity vector, said standard frequency offset generation providing adequate tracking of non-erratic Doppler frequency shift, and generating said frequency offset using said standard frequency offset generation and said differential velocity vector. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The communication system as recited in claim 16, wherein said portable communication unit further comprises: a positioning generator for measuring said present velocity vector of said portable communication system by employing a global positioning system for generation of said present velocity vector. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The communication system as recited in claim 16, wherein said portable communication unit further comprises: a positioning generator for measuring said present velocity vector of said portable communication system by employing conventional aircraft avionics for generation of said present velocity vector. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The communication system as recited in claim 16, wherein said portable communication unit further comprises: a Kalman filter for generating said frequency offset when said differential velocity vector exceeds said standard tracking threshold by supplementing said standard frequency offset generation with said differential velocity vector. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The communication system as recited in claim 16, wherein said base communication unit further comprises: a means for employing iterative transmission feedback to said portable communication unit using said communication link, said iterative transmission feedback denoting frequency offset errors of said Doppler compensation from said standard frequency offset generation. ### Claim 21 A portable communication unit in motion and exhibiting dynamic variations in a present velocity vector exceeding standard frequency offset generation, said standard frequency offset generation providing adequate tracking of non-erratic Doppler frequency shift, said portable communication unit for tracking and compensating erratic Doppler frequency shift in a communication link employing a frequency offset for Doppler compensation, comprising: a transceiver for communicating over said communication link using said frequency offset generated from a differential velocity vector; a positioning generator for measuring a present velocity vector of said portable communication unit; a controller coupled to said transceiver and coupled to said positioning generator for calculating said differential velocity vector between said present velocity vector and a previous velocity vector, said previous velocity vector being an earlier iterative stored sample of a velocity vector; and a transmission parameter predictor coupled to said controller for generating said frequency offset using said differential velocity vector. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The portable communication unit as recited in claim 21, wherein said positioning generator employs a global positioning system for generation of said velocity vector. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The portable communication unit as recited in claim 21, wherein said positioning generator employs conventional aircraft avionics for generation of said present velocity vector. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The portable communication unit as recited in claim 21, wherein said transmission parameter predictor further comprises a Kalman filter for generating said frequency offset.