# US 5,703,529 A · Amplifier circuit with reduced DC power related transients

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- Number: US 5,703,529 A
- Document ID: US5703529A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/609,726
- Filed: 1996-03-01
- Granted: 1997-12-30
- Earliest claimed: 1995-10-13
- Assignees: National Semiconductor Corporation
- Inventors: Parviz Ghaffaripour; Arthur J. Kalb; Nick M. Johnson; Sai L. Ting
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5703529A

## CPC

- H03F 1/305: {in case of switching on or off of a power supply}
- H03F 3/3081: {Duplicated single-ended push-pull arrangements, i.e. bridge circuits (using FET's H03F3/3061)}
- H03F 3/72: Gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal
- H03F: AMPLIFIERS

## Abstract

An amplifier circuit with improved turn-on transient operation includes a differential amplifier and a selectively variable reference generator for controlling the amplifier output during circuit turn-on. The amplifier is biased by a single power supply and its differential inputs are driven by a reference voltage from the reference generator and a single-ended input signal. Following circuit turn-on, the selectively variable reference voltage, generated by charging the bypass capacitor with a constant current source, charges in a linear manner from ground potential toward its final value of, typically, half of the power supply voltage. This allows improved turn-on transient operation to be realized, e.g. reduced "pops" and "clicks" upon circuit turn-on, while giving the user increased flexibility in selecting the sizes of the reference voltage bypass capacitor and the input signal coupling capacitor.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An apparatus including an amplifier circuit for operating with a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said amplifier circuit comprising:
a first amplifier for biasing between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground, receiving a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude and receiving a first input signal and in accordance therewith providing a first output signal with a magnitude which varies in relation to and is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
a reference generator, coupled to said first amplifier, for providing said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said first amplifier comprises a differential amplifier.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said reference generator comprises a current source and a capacitor, wherein said current source charges said capacitor to produce said linearly changing reference voltage magnitude during said first time period.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said voltage across said capacitor produces said fixed reference voltage magnitude during said second time period.

### Claim 5

A method of operating an amplifier circuit for amplifying a signal while using a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said method comprising the steps of:
biasing a first amplifier between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground;
receiving a first input signal and a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude;
generating a first output signal with a magnitude which varies in relation to and is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
generating said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein said step of receiving a first input signal and a reference voltage comprises receiving said first input signal and said reference voltage with a differential amplifier.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The method of claim 5, wherein said step of generating said reference voltage comprises charging a capacitor with a current source to produce said linearly changing reference voltage magnitude during said first time period.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7, wherein said step of generating said reference voltage further comprises producing said fixed reference voltage magnitude during said second time period as a voltage across said capacitor.

### Claim 9

An apparatus including an amplifier circuit for operating with a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said amplifier circuit comprising:
a first amplifier for biasing between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground, receiving a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude and receiving a first input signal and in accordance therewith providing a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
a reference generator, coupled to said first amplifier, for providing said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude;
wherein said first amplifier has a gain associated therewith which is controlled by a control signal, and wherein said first amplifier gain, in accordance with said control signal, causes said selected multiple of said first input signal to be approximately zero during said first time period.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a controller, coupled to said first amplifier and said reference generator, for receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith providing said control signal.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The apparatus of claim 10, wherein said controller comprises:
a multiple-state device, coupled to said first amplifier, for receiving said control signal and in accordance therewith operating in one of a plurality of states, wherein said first amplifier gain is controlled by said plurality of states of said multiple-state device; and
a control circuit, coupled to said multiple-state device, for receiving said fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith providing said control signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said multiple-state device comprises a switch.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said control circuit comprises a voltage comparator.

### Claim 14

An apparatus including an amplifier circuit for operating with a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said amplifier circuit comprising:
a first amplifier for biasing between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground, receiving a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude and receiving a first input signal and in accordance therewith providing a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
a reference generator, coupled to said first amplifier, for providing said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude;
wherein said first amplifier is further for operating in a first plurality of modes of operation for providing said first output signal, and wherein said first plurality of modes of operation is controlled by a control signal such that during said first time period said reception of said first input signal by said first amplifier is disabled and said selected multiple of said first input signal is approximately zero and further such that during said second time period said selected multiple of said first input signal is enabled to be non-zero.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a controller, coupled to said first amplifier and said reference generator, for receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith providing said control signal.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The apparatus of claim 15, wherein said controller comprises:
a multiple-state device, coupled to said first amplifier, for receiving said control signal and in accordance therewith operating in one of a plurality of states, wherein said first plurality of modes of operation of said first amplifier are established in accordance with said plurality of states of said multiple-state device; and
a control circuit, coupled to said multiple-state device, for receiving said fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith providing said control signal.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said multiple-state device comprises a switch.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said control circuit comprises a voltage comparator.

### Claim 19

An apparatus including an amplifier circuit for operating with a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said amplifier circuit comprising:
a first amplifier for biasing between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground, receiving a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude and receiving a first input signal and in accordance therewith providing a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
a reference generator, coupled to said first amplifier, for providing said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude;
wherein said amplifier circuit further comprises a second amplifier, coupled to said first amplifier, for biasing between said power supply voltage and said circuit ground, receiving said reference voltage and receiving a second input signal and in accordance therewith providing a second output signal which is approximately equal in magnitude to said first output signal during said first time period and approximately equal in magnitude and inverse in phase to said first output signal during said second time period.

### Claim 20

An apparatus including an amplifier circuit for operating with a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said amplifier circuit comprising:
a first amplifier for biasing between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground, receiving a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude and receiving a first input signal and in accordance therewith providing a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
a reference generator, coupled to said first amplifier, for providing said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude;
wherein said first amplifier is further for operating in a first plurality of modes of operation for providing said first output signal, and wherein said amplifier circuit further comprises a second amplifier, coupled to said first amplifier, for biasing between said power supply voltage and said circuit ground, operating in a second plurality of modes of operation and receiving a second input signal and in accordance therewith providing a second output signal which is approximately equal in magnitude to said first output signal during said first time period and approximately equal in magnitude and inverse in phase to said first output signal during said second time period, and further wherein said first and second pluralities of modes of operation are controlled by a control signal such that during said first time period said receptions of said first and second input signals by said first and second amplifiers, respectively, are disabled and said selected multiple of said first input signal is approximately zero and further such that during said second time period said selected multiple of said first input signal is enabled to be non-zero.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a controller, coupled to said first and second amplifiers and said reference generator, for receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith providing said control signal.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said controller comprises:
first and second multiple-state devices, coupled to said first and second amplifiers, respectively, each for receiving said control signal and in accordance therewith operating in one of a plurality of states, wherein said first and second pluralities of modes of operation of said first and second amplifiers are established in accordance with said pluralities of states of said first and second multiple-state devices, respectively; and
a control circuit, coupled to said first and second multiple-state devices, for receiving said fixed bias voltage-and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith providing said control signal.

### Claim 23 (depends on 22)

The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said first and second multiple-state devices comprise first and second switches.

### Claim 24 (depends on 22)

The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said control circuit comprises a voltage comparator.

### Claim 25

A method of operating an amplifier circuit for amplifying a signal while using a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said method comprising the steps of:
biasing a first amplifier between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground;
receiving a first input signal and a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude;
generating a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
generating said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude;
wherein said first amplifier has a gain associated therewith which is controlled by a control signal, and wherein said step of generating a first output signal comprises controlling said first amplifier gain, in accordance with said control signal, so as to cause said selected multiple of said first input signal to be approximately zero during said first time period.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The method of claim 25, further comprising the step of receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith generating said control signal.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, wherein said step of controlling said first amplifier gain comprises operating a multiple-state device in one of a plurality of states in accordance with said control signal, wherein said first amplifier gain is controlled by said plurality of states of said multiple-state device.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The method of claim 27, wherein said step of operating a multiple-state device in one of a plurality of states comprises operating a switch.

### Claim 29 (depends on 27)

The method of claim 27, wherein said step of receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith generating said control signal comprises comparing said fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage with a voltage comparator and in accordance therewith generating said control signal.

### Claim 30

A method of operating an amplifier circuit for amplifying a signal while using a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said method comprising the steps of:
biasing a first amplifier between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground;
receiving a first input signal and a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude;
generating a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal;
generating said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude; and
operating said first amplifier in a first plurality of modes of operation for generating said first output signal, wherein said first plurality of modes of operation is controlled by a control signal such that during said first time period said reception of said first input signal by said first amplifier is disabled and said selected multiple of said first input signal is approximately zero and further such that during said second time period said selected multiple of said first input signal is enabled to be non-zero.

### Claim 31 (depends on 30)

The method of claim 30, further comprising the step of receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith generating said control signal.

### Claim 32 (depends on 31)

The method of claim 31, wherein said step of operating said first amplifier in a first plurality of modes of operation for generating said first output signal comprises operating a multiple-state device in one of a plurality of states in accordance with said control signal, wherein said first plurality of modes of operation of said first amplifier are established in accordance with said plurality of states of said multiple-state device.

### Claim 33 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, wherein said step of operating a multiple-state device in one of a plurality of states comprises operating a switch.

### Claim 34 (depends on 32)

The method of claim 32, wherein said step of receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith generating said control signal comprises comparing said fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage with a voltage comparator and in accordance therewith generating said control signal.

### Claim 35

A method of operating an amplifier circuit for amplifying a signal while using a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said method comprising the steps of:
biasing a first amplifier between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground;
receiving a first input signal and a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude;
generating a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal;
generating said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude;
biasing a second amplifier between said power supply voltage and said circuit ground;
receiving said reference voltage and a second input signal; and
generating a second output signal which is approximately equal in magnitude to said first output signal during said first time period and approximately equal in magnitude and inverse in phase to said first output signal during said second time period.

### Claim 36

A method of operating an amplifier circuit for amplifying a signal while using a single power supply and a selectively variable reference voltage for reducing turn-on transients, said method comprising the steps of:
biasing a first amplifier between a power supply voltage and a circuit ground;
receiving a first input signal and a reference voltage having a selectively variable magnitude;
generating a first output signal which is approximately equal to a sum of said reference voltage and a selected multiple of said first input signal; and
generating said reference voltage, wherein during a first time period said reference voltage magnitude changes linearly from approximately said circuit ground toward a fixed reference voltage magnitude, and during a second time period subsequent to said first time period said reference voltage remains at said fixed reference voltage magnitude;
operating said first amplifier in a first plurality of modes of operation for generating said first output signal;
biasing a second amplifier between said power supply voltage and said circuit ground;
operating said second amplifier in a second plurality of modes of operation; and
receiving a second input signal and in accordance therewith generating a second output signal which is approximately equal in magnitude to said first output signal during said first time period and approximately equal in magnitude and inverse in phase to said first output signal during said second time period;
wherein said first and second pluralities of modes of operation are controlled by a control signal such that during said first time period said receptions of said first and second input signals by said first and second amplifiers, respectively, are disabled and said selected multiple of said first input signal is approximately zero and further such that during said second time period said selected multiple of said first input signal is enabled to be non-zero.

### Claim 37 (depends on 36)

The method of claim 36, further comprising the step of receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith generating said control signal.

### Claim 38 (depends on 37)

The method of claim 37, wherein said steps of operating said first and second amplifiers in first and second pluralities of modes of operation for generating said first and second output signals, respectively, comprise operating each of first and second multiple-state devices in one of a plurality of states in accordance with said control signal, wherein said first and second pluralities of modes of operation of said first and second amplifiers are established in accordance with said pluralities of states of said first and second multiple-state devices, respectively.

### Claim 39 (depends on 38)

The method of claim 38, wherein said step of operating each of first and second multiple-state devices in one of a plurality of states comprises operating first and second switches.

### Claim 40 (depends on 38)

The method of claim 38, wherein said step of receiving a fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage and in accordance therewith generating said control signal comprises comparing said fixed bias voltage and said reference voltage with a voltage comparator and in accordance therewith generating said control signal.