# US 5,702,651 A · Use of oriented tabular aggregate in manufacture of high-flexural-strength concrete

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- Number: US 5,702,651 A
- Document ID: US5702651A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/614,838
- Filed: 1996-03-01
- Granted: 1997-12-30
- Earliest claimed: 1996-03-01
- Assignees: The United States of America as respresented by the Secretary of the Army
- Inventors: Dennis L. Bean; Philip G. Malone; Melvin C. Sykes; Judy C. Tom; Donald M. Walley
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5702651A

## CPC

- C04B 14/005: {Inorganic fillers with a shape other than granular or fibrous (carbon nanotubes C04B14/026)}
- B28B 1/16: for producing layered articles (coating B28B11/04)
- B28B 23/0081: {Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties}
- C04B 40/00: Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability (active ingredients C04B22/00 - C04B24/00; hardening of a well-defined composition C04B26/00 - C04B28/00; making porous, cellular or lightening C04B38/00; mechanical aspects B28, e.g. conditioning the materials prior to shaping B28B17/02)
- C04B 2111/0037: {Materials containing oriented fillers or elements}
- C04B 2111/00612: {as one or more layers of a layered structure}
- C04B 2201/50: for the mechanical strength
- Y10S 264/915: From inorganic material containing articles or products, e.g. hydro-set, cement, plaster, wire, cable
- C04B: LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE {(roofing granules E04D7/005)}; CERAMICS (devitrified glass-ceramics C03C10/00); REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- B28B: SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER (foundry moulding B22C; working stone or stone-like material B28D; shaping of substances in a plastic state, in general B29C; making layered products not composed wholly of these substances B32B)
- Y10S: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

## Abstract

High-flexural-strength concrete is produced by mixing wet hydraulic cement-sand mixture with coarse, flat, tabular aggregate, pouring the resulting mixture into a form in a shallow layer, vibrating the form containing the mixture, thereby orienting the coarse aggregate particles, pouring another shallow layer of the mixture into the form, again vibrating the form, and repeating these processes until the form has been filled to the desired level. The mixture then is allowed to cure. Cast-in-place items are prepared by placing thin layers or lifts of oriented, tabular-aggregate concrete into conventional forms and vibrating each lift using flat-plate vibrators.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of producing high-flexural-strength concrete comprising the steps of
(a) mixing coarse aggregate particles consisting of flat, tabular particles in a mixer with a wet hydraulic cement-sand mixture so as to coat the coarse aggregate particles with the cement-sand mixture and thus form a mixture of the coarse aggregate particles and the cement-sand mixture comprising from about 18% to about 48% by weight of the coarse aggregate particles;
(b) pouring the mixture of the coarse aggregate particles and the cement-sand mixture into a form, producing a first shallow layer;
(c) vibrating the form containing the mixture poured in step (b), thereby releasing air bubbles and orienting the coarse aggregate particles in the first shallow layer;
(d) pouring a second shallow layer of the mixture of the coarse aggregate particles and the cement-sand mixture into the form;
(e) again vibrating the form as in step (c);
(f) repeating the pouring and vibrating processes until the form is filled with the mixture of the coarse aggregate particles and the cement-sand mixture; and
(g) allowing the mixture of the coarse aggregate particles and the cement-sand mixture to cure into the high-flexural-strength concrete.

### Claim 2

A method of producing cast-in-place high-flexural strength concrete comprising the steps of
(a) mixing coarse aggregate particles consisting of flat, tubular particles in a mixer with a wet hydraulic cement-sand mixture so as to coat the particles with the cement-sand mixture and thus form a mixture of the particles and the cement-sand mixture comprising from about 18% to about 48% by weight of the coarse aggregate particles;
(b) pouring the mixture resulting from step (a) into a lift producing a first shallow layer;
(c) vibrating the lift containing the poured mixture, thereby releasing air bubbles and orienting the coarse aggregate particles in the first shallow layer;
(d) pouring the vibrated mixture from the lift into a stationary form;
(e) repeating steps (b), (c), and (d) until the form is filled; and
(f) allowing the mixture poured into the form to cure into the cast-in-place high flexural strength concrete.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1, 2)

The methods of claims 1 or 2 wherein the coarse aggregate particles consist of flat, tabular particles having a length and width ranging from about 25 to about 150 mm, and a thickness ranging from about 3 to about 15 mm.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The method of claim 3 wherein the flat, tabular particles are selected from the group consisting of slate, limestone, mollusk shells, scrap tile, and mixtures thereof.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1, 2)

The methods of claims 1 or 2 wherein a depth of the shallow layers is about 25 mm.