# US 5,702,600 A · Variable resonance descaling decalcifier device connected to a forced sequential rephasing transformer

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- Number: US 5,702,600 A
- Document ID: US5702600A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/503,244
- Filed: 1995-07-17
- Granted: 1997-12-30
- Earliest claimed: 1995-03-14
- Assignees: Instituto Analitico Tuscanese S.r.l.
- Inventors: Salvatore Mario Pandolfo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5702600A

## CPC

- C02F 1/485: {located on the outer wall of the treatment device, i.e. not in contact with the liquid to be treated, e.g. detachable}
- C02F 2201/483: using coils
- C02F 2303/04: Disinfection
- C02F 2303/22: Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention (C02F1/042, C02F1/4602, C02F5/00 take precedence)
- C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes)

## Abstract

A variable resonance descaling decalcifier device for the treatment of hard, very hard and low hardness water is provided. The device works effectively and efficiently for line frequencies in the range between 30 hertz and 400 hertz. The device includes a resonator portion and a transformer portion. The resonator portion includes four coils L.sub.1, L.sub.2-1, L.sub.2-2, L.sub.3) which surround a pipe (T) which carries the water to be treated. The transformer portion also includes four coils (P.sub.1, P.sub.2, S.sub.1, S.sub.2), wherein the two primary windings (P.sub.1, P.sub.2) are wound in opposite directions to one another and are connected to subtract their potential differential and the two secondary windings (S.sub.1, S.sub.2) are wound in the same manner but in opposition to the phase of the primary windings. In this way, enhanced tuning with the resonator portion of the decalcifier is achieved. The decalcifier successfully maintains minerals in solution for water undergoing a heat cycle and also inhibits the growth of algae and bacteria in water.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Apparatus for treating a liquid flowing in a conduit comprising:
(a) a first coil for surrounding a first portion of the conduit, said first portion having a first end p.sub.1,1 and a second end p.sub.1,2, said first coil having a first end c.sub.1,1 and a second end c.sub.1,2, c.sub.1,1 being nearer to p.sub.1,1 than to p.sub.1,2, and c.sub.1,2 being nearer to p.sub.1,2 than to p.sub.1,1 ;
(b) a second coil for surrounding a second portion of the conduit, said second portion having a first end p.sub.2,1 which is adjacent to p.sub.1,2 and a second end p.sub.2,2, said second coil having a first end c.sub.2,1 and a second end c.sub.2,2, c.sub.2,1, being nearer to p.sub.2,1 than to p.sub.2,2, and c.sub.2,2 being nearer to p.sub.2,2 than to p.sub.2,1 ;
(c) a third coil which surrounds the second coil, said third coil having a first end c.sub.3,1 and a second end c.sub.3,2, c.sub.3,1 being nearer to p.sub.2,1 than to p.sub.2,2 and c.sub.3,2 being nearer to p.sub.2,2 than to p.sub.2,1 ;
(d) a fourth coil for surrounding a third portion of the conduit, said third portion having a first end p.sub.3,1 which is adjacent to p.sub.2,2 and a second end p.sub.3,2, said fourth coil having a first end c.sub.4,1 and a second end c.sub.4,2, c.sub.4,1 being nearer to p.sub.3,1 than to p.sub.3,2 and c.sub.4,2 being nearer to p.sub.3,2 than to p.sub.3,1 ;
(e) a first electrical conductor E.sub.1 and a second electrical conductor E.sub.2 for providing alternating current power to the first, second, third, and fourth coils;
(f) a diode having a negative anode end d.sub.1 and a positive cathode end d.sub.2 ;
(g) first means for electrically connecting c.sub.1,2 and c.sub.2,1 to E.sub.1 ;
(h) second means for electrically connecting c.sub.3,1 and c.sub.4,2 to E.sub.2 ;
(i) third means for electrically connecting c.sub.3,2 and c.sub.4,1 to d.sub.1 ; and
(j) fourth means for electrically connecting c.sub.1,1 and c.sub.2,2 to d.sub.2 ; wherein:
(A) the first, second, third, and fourth means for electrically connecting exclude the first coil, the second coil, the third coil, and the fourth coil;
(B) the first and third coils are wound in a first winding direction;
(C) the second and fourth coils are wound in a second winding direction which is opposite to the first winding direction;
(D) the liquid which is being treated flows in the conduit in a direction from the third portion to the first portion during use of the apparatus; and
(E) the first winding direction is clockwise when looking from the third portion towards the first portion.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
(I) a transformer which comprises:
(a) a core which defines an axis, said core having first, second, and third segments arranged in order along said axis, said first segment having a first end cs.sub.1,1 and a second end cs.sub.1,2, said second segment having a first end cs.sub.2,1 adjacent to cs.sub.1,2 and a second end cs.sub.2,2, said first end cs.sub.2,1 and said second end cs.sub.2,2 defining a space, and said third segment having a first end cs.sub.3,1 adjacent to cs.sub.2,2, and a second end cs.sub.3,2 ;
(b) a first primary coil which surrounds the first segment of the core, said first primary coil having a first end pc.sub.1,1 and a second end pc.sub.1,2, pc.sub.1,1 being nearer to cs.sub.1,1 than to cs.sub.1,2, and pc.sub.1,2, being nearer to cs.sub.1,2 than to cs.sub.1,1 ;
(c) a second primary coil which surrounds the first primary coil, said second primary coil having a first end pc.sub.2,1 and a second end pc.sub.2,2, pc.sub.2,1 being nearer to cs.sub.1,1 than to cs.sub.1,2 and pc.sub.2,2 being nearer to cs.sub.1,2 than to cs.sub.1,1 ;
(d) an insulator which surrounds the core and substantially fills the space defined by cs.sub.21 and cs.sub.22 ;
(e) a first secondary coil which surrounds the third segment of the core, said first secondary coil having a first end sc.sub.1,1 and a second end sc.sub.1,2, sc.sub.1,1 being nearer to cs.sub.3,1 than to cs.sub.3,2, and sc.sub.1,2 being nearer to cs.sub.3,2 than to cs.sub.3,1 ;
(f) a second secondary coil which surrounds the first secondary coil, said second secondary coil having a first end sc.sub.2,1 and a second end sc.sub.2,2, sc.sub.2,1 being nearer to cs.sub.3,1 than to cs.sub.3,2, and sc.sub.2,2 being nearer to cs.sub.3,2 than to cs.sub.3,1 ;
(g) a first input electrical conductor Ie.sub.1 and a second input electrical conductor Ie.sub.2 for providing alternating current input power to the first and second primary coils;
(h) a first output electrical conductor Oe.sub.1 and a second output electrical conductor Oe.sub.2 for withdrawing alternating current output power from the first and second secondary coils;
(i) fifth means for electrically connecting pc.sub.1,1 and pc.sub.2,2 to Ie.sub.1 ;
(j) sixth means for electrically connecting pc.sub.1,2 and pc.sub.2,2 to Ie.sub.2 ;
(k) seventh means for electrically connecting sc.sub.1,2 and sc.sub.2,1 to Oe.sub.1 ; and
(l) eight means for electrically connecting sc.sub.1,1 and sc.sub.2,2 to Oe.sub.2 ;
wherein:
(A) the first primary coil and the second secondary coil are wound in a first winding direction; and
(B) the second primary coil and first secondary coil are wound in a second winding direction which is opposite to the first winding direction;
(II) means for connecting E.sub.1 to Oe.sub.1 ; and
(III) means for connecting E.sub.2 to Oe.sub.2.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first input electrical conductor Ie.sub.1 and the second input electrical conductor Ie.sub.2 provide an alternating current input power which has a frequency between about 30 hertz and about 400 hertz.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first input electrical conductor Ie.sub.1 and the second input electrical conductor Ie.sub.2 provide an alternating current input power which has a frequency substantially equal to 60 hertz.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first and second primary coils have the same number of turns.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the first and second secondary coils have the same number of turns.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the first and second secondary coils have the same number of turns.