# US 5,702,319 A · Hydromechanical system for limiting differential speed between differentially rotating members > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,702,319 A - Document ID: US5702319A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/543,173 - Filed: 1995-10-13 - Granted: 1997-12-30 - Earliest claimed: 1995-10-13 - Assignees: Dana Corporation - Inventors: Ralph W. Baxter, Jr. - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5702319A ## CPC - F16H 57/0434: {relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps; Pressure control} - B60K 17/3465: {self-actuated means, e.g. differential locked automatically by difference of speed} - F16H 48/10: with orbital spur gears - F16H 48/22: using friction clutches or brakes - F16H 48/27: using internally-actuatable fluid pressure, e.g. internal pump types - F16H: GEARING - B60K: ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES ## Abstract A hydromechanical system for limiting differentiation between a first rotating member and a second rotating member in a drivetrain subassembly. The hydromechanical system comprises a clutch assembly for selectively coupling the first rotating member to rotate with the second rotating member and a hydraulically actuated piston assembly for applying force on the clutch assembly to actuate the clutch assembly in response to hydraulic pressure such that the first rotatable member is selectively coupled to rotate with the second rotatable member. A clutch actuating pump, including a reservoir, is provided for supplying hydraulic pressure to the piston assembly to actuate the piston assembly, wherein the clutch actuating pump communicates hydraulic fluid under pressure to the piston assembly in response to differential rotation between the first and second rotating members. A second pump is also provided in fluid communication with the reservoir of the clutch actuating pump for supplying hydraulic fluid to the reservoir of the clutch actuating pump. The hydromechanical system is well suited for use in a four-wheel drive transfer case to control differentiation between the front and rear output shafts thereof. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A hydromechanical system for limiting differentiation between a first rotating member and a second rotating member in a drivetrain subassembly, said hydromechanical system comprising: a clutch assembly for selectively coupling said first rotating member to rotate with said second rotating member; a hydraulically actuated piston assembly for applying force on said clutch assembly to actuate said clutch assembly in response to hydraulic pressure such that said first rotatable member is selectively coupled to rotate with said second rotatable member; a clutch actuating pump, including a reservoir, for supplying hydraulic pressure to said piston assembly to actuate said piston assembly, wherein said clutch actuating pump communicates hydraulic fluid under pressure to said piston assembly in response to differential rotation between said first and second rotating members; and a second pump in fluid communication with said reservoir of said clutch actuating pump for supplying hydraulic fluid to said reservoir of said clutch actuating pump. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A hydromechanical system as retired in claim 1, wherein said dutch actuating pump comprises a pump housing designed to rotate with one of said first and second rotatable members wherein said reservoir is formed in said pump housing such that said reservoir rotates with said pump housing. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 1, wherein said first rotatable member is coupled to rotate with a sun gear of a planetary differential, and said second rotatable member is coupled to rotate with a ring gear of a planetary differential, such that said dutch assembly selectively couples said sun gear to rotate with said ring gear. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 1, wherein said clutch assembly comprises at least one first friction plate coupled to rotate with said first rotatable member, and at least one second friction plate coupled to rotate with said second rotatable member, said first and second friction plates disposed adjacent one another with at least one of said first and second plates being axially movable such that said first and second plates are frictionally engaged together by said piston assembly upon the occurrence of a predetermined magnitude of hydraulic pressure upon said piston assembly to rotatably couple said first and second rotating members. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 1, wherein said clutch actuating pump is a gerotor pump comprising an inner rotor having a plurality of external teeth coupled to rotate with said first rotating member, an outer rotor driven by said second rotating member having a plurality of internal teeth wherein the number of internal teeth of said outer rotor is at least one greater than the number of external teeth of said inner rotor, said external teeth and said internal teeth in meshing engagement with one another, and an eccentric ring surrounding said outer rotor and in frictional engagement with said outer rotor for rotation therewith such that said eccentric ring and said outer rotor rotate together with said inner rotor and said first rotating member until said first and second rotating members rotate at different speeds to thereby cause said eccentric ring and said outer rotor to rotate eccentrically with respect to said inner rotor to pump hydraulic fluid to said piston assembly. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 1, wherein said piston assembly comprises a guide member and an actuating member slidably engaged with said guide member such that a chamber is formed between said guide member and said actuating member, said chamber in fluid communication with said clutch actuating pump such that said clutch actuating pump creates hydraulic pressure within said chamber upon pumping, said hydraulic pressure forcing said actuating member into engagement with said clutch assembly to actuate said clutch assembly. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 6, wherein said actuating member includes at least one restricted vent passage formed therethrough to regulate hydraulic pressure established within said chamber. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 6, wherein said piston assembly further comprises at least one spring positioned between said actuating member and said clutch assembly to disengage said actuating member from said clutch assembly when hydraulic pressure in said chamber is below a predetermined magnitude. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 1, wherein, said second pump is a lubrication pump used to lubricate portions of said drivetrain subassembly. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 1, wherein, said second pump is electronically controlled to pump fluid in response to predetermined conditions. ### Claim 11 A hydromechanical system in combination with a drivetrain subassembly having an input shaft, and first and second output shafts, comprising: an interaxle planetary gear assembly including a planet carrier coupled to rotate with said input shaft, a sun gear coupled to rotate with one of said first and second output shafts, a ring gear coupled to rotate with the other of said first and second output shafts, and a plurality of individually rotatable and circumferentially spaced planet gear positioned on said planet carrier in meshing engagement with said sun gear and said ring gear; a clutch assembly for selectively coupling said ring gear to rotate with said sun gear; a hydraulically actuated piston assembly for applying force on said clutch assembly to actuate said clutch assembly in response to hydraulic pressure such that said ring gear is selectively coupled to rotate with said sun gear; a clutch actuating pump, including a reservoir, for supplying hydraulic pressure to said piston assembly to actuate said piston assembly, wherein said clutch actuating pump communicates hydraulic fluid under pressure to said piston assembly in response to differential rotation between said ring gear and said sun gear; and a second pump in fluid communication with said reservoir of said clutch actuating pump for supplying hydraulic fluid to said reservoir of said clutch actuating pump. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 11, wherein said clutch actuating pump comprises a pump housing designed to rotate with said ring gear wherein said reservoir is formed in said pump housing such that said reservoir rotates with said pump housing. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 11, wherein said dutch actuating pump is a gerotor pump comprising an inner rotor having a plurality of external teeth coupled to rotate with said sun gear, an outer rotor driven by said ring gear having a plurality of internal teeth wherein the number of internal teeth of said outer rotor is at least one greater than the number of external teeth of said inner rotor, said external teeth and said internal teeth in meshing engagement with one another, and an eccentric ring surrounding said outer rotor and in frictional engagement with said outer rotor for rotation therewith such that both said eccentric ring and said outer rotor rotate with said inner rotor until said ring gear and said sun gear rotate at different speeds to thereby cause said eccentric ring and said outer rotor to rotate eccentrically with respect to said inner rotor to pump hydraulic fluid to said piston assembly. ### Claim 14 (depends on 11) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 11, wherein said piston assembly comprises a guide member and an actuating member slidably engaged with said guide member such that a chamber is formed between said guide member and said actuating member, said chamber in fluid communication with said clutch actuating pump such that said clutch actuating pump creates hydraulic pressure within said chamber upon pumping, said hydraulic pressure forcing said actuating member into engagement with said clutch assembly to actuate said clutch assembly. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 14, wherein said piston assembly further comprises at least one spring positioned between said actuating member and said clutch assembly to disengage said actuating member from said clutch assembly when hydraulic pressure in said chamber is below a predetermined magnitude. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 11, wherein at least one lubrication channel is provided in fluid communication with both said second pump and said clutch actuating pump reservoir, such that said reservoir receives fluid under pressure from said second pump. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 11, wherein said second pump is a lubrication pump designed to pump hydraulic fluid at least substantially continuously in response to rotation of at least one of said first and second output shafts such that said second pump communicates fluid to said clutch actuating pump reservoir upon rotation of said first or second output shafts. ### Claim 18 (depends on 11) A hydromechanical system as recited in claim 11, wherein said drivetrain subassembly is a torque transfer case. ### Claim 19 A method of limiting differentiation between first and second rotating members comprising the steps of: providing a clutch assembly for selectively coupling said first member to rotate with said second member; providing a hydraulically actuated piston assembly for applying force on said clutch assembly to actuate said clutch assembly in response to hydraulic pressure such that said first rotatable member is selectively coupled to rotate with said second rotatable member; providing a clutch actuating pump, including a reservoir, for supplying hydraulic pressure to said piston assembly to actuate said piston assembly, wherein said clutch actuating pump communicates hydraulic fluid under pressure from said reservoir to said piston assembly in response to differential rotation between said first and second rotating members; supplying a fluid to said reservoir under pressure at least when said clutch actuating pump is not operative to communicate hydraulic fluid from said reservoir to said piston assembly. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method as recited in claim 19, wherein said step of supplying fluid to said reservoir under pressure when said clutch actuating pump is not operative is accomplished by providing a second pump in fluid communication with said reservoir.