# US 5,702,181 A · Pug mill water flow control system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,702,181 A - Document ID: US5702181A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/542,721 - Filed: 1995-10-13 - Granted: 1997-12-30 - Earliest claimed: 1995-10-13 - Inventors: Ernest H. Wright - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5702181A ## CPC - B28C 7/12: Supplying or proportioning liquid ingredients - B28C: PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER (preparing material for foundry moulds B22C5/00) ## Abstract An apparatus for controlling the flow of water to a pug mill. A water supply system is connected to the pug mill for providing a flow of water to the pug mill. The water supply system includes an inlet line connected to a supply of water; a pump connected to the inlet line; an outlet line connected between the pump and the pug mill; a return loop connected between the outlet line and the inlet line; and bypass means for selectively controlling the flow of water between the pug mill and the return loop. The invention also includes a control system having a moisture sensor for providing a signal representative of the moisture level of the clay feed material. A flow transmitter is located between the water supply and the pug mill for providing a signal representative of the water flow to the pug mill. A control valve is located between the water supply and the pug mill for controlling the flow of water to the pug mill. A controller is connected between the moisture sensor, the flow transmitter and the control valve for receiving the signal representative of the moisture level of the clay feed material and the signal representative of the water flow to the pug mill and providing a control signal to the control valve to control the flow of water to the pug mill. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for controlling the flow of water to a pug mill, said apparatus comprising: (a) a pug mill for mixing water with a stream of clay feed material; (b) a water supply system connected to said pug mill, said water supply system including a supply of water and a first control valve for controlling the flow of water to said pug mill; (c) a moisture sensor for measuring the moisture content of said feed material upstream of said pug mill; and (d) a controller connected between said moisture sensor and said first control valve for receiving a signal representative of a moisture content of said feed material and providing a control signal to said first control valve to control the flow of water to said pug mill; wherein said water supply system further includes an inlet line connected to a supply of water; a pump connected to said inlet line; an outlet line connected between said pump and said pug mill; a return loop connected between said outlet line and said inlet line; and a flow bypass for selectively controlling the flow of water between said pug mill and said return loop. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said flow bypass includes a second control valve in said outlet line downstream of said return loop and a third control valve in said return loop. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said second control valve is normally closed and said third control valve is normally open. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said water supply system includes a plurality of spray nozzles located in said pug mill. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said moisture sensor is a microwave moisture sensor. ### Claim 6 A control system for an apparatus for controlling the flow of water from a water supply to a pug mill for mixing water with a stream of clay feed material received from a feed material supply upstream of said pug mill, said control system comprising: (a) a moisture sensor located adjacent to said feed material supply for providing a moisture signal representative of the moisture content of the feed material upstream said pug mill; (b) a flow transmitter located between said water supply and said pug mill for providing a water flow signal representative of the water flow to said pug mill; (c) a control valve located between said water supply and said pug mill for controlling the flow of water to said pug mill; and (d) a controller connected between said moisture sensor, said flow transmitter and said first control valve for receiving said moisture signal and said water flow signal and providing a water control signal to said control valve to control the flow of water to said pug mill; wherein said feed material supply includes a weight measuring device for providing a weight signal representative of the weight of said feed material, said weight signal used by controller in conjunction with said moisture signal to determine the amount of water to add when said feed material reaches said pug mill with said water control signal. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said moisture sensor includes a skid to ride on said feed material being supplied to said pug mill by said feed material supply. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said skid has a raised front tip for preventing said skid from digging into said feed material. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said feed material is at ambient temperature and said skid further includes a heater for heating said skid above said ambient temperature enough to prevent said feed material from sticking to said skid. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said skid is heated about 20.degree. F. above said ambient temperature of said feed material. ### Claim 11 (depends on 7) The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said skid supporting said moisture sensor is formed from a ceramic material. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said feed material supply includes a conveyor for continuously supplying said feed material to said moisture sensor and then to said pug mill. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said feed material supply further includes a particle deflector upstream of said moisture sensor for deflecting unwanted particles in said feed material from said feed supply. ### Claim 14 (depends on 6) The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said feed material supply includes a conveyor for continuously moving said feed material by said moisture sensor and said weight measuring device prior to supplying said feed material to said pug mill. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said conveyor includes a conveyor belt on which said feed material rides and under which said weight measuring device is placed, thereby allowing said conveyor belt to deflect onto said weight measuring device and provide an accurate measurement of feed material weight. ### Claim 16 (depends on 6) The apparatus according to claim 6 further including a moisture sensor mount, wherein said moisture sensor is held at a constant orientation with respect to said feed material to help prevent errors in moisture sensing. ### Claim 17 (depends on 6) The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said controller delays the addition of water to said feed material in said pug mill according to the amount of time for said feed material to travel from said moisture sensor and said weight measuring device to said pug mill. ### Claim 18 (depends on 6) The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said moisture sensor is a microwave moisture sensor. ### Claim 19 A control system for an apparatus for controlling the flow of water from a water supply to a pug mill for mixing water with a stream of clay feed material received from a feed material supply upstream of said pug mill, said control system comprising: (a) a moisture sensor located adjacent to said feed material supply for providing a moisture signal representative of the moisture content of the feed material upstream said pug mill; (b) a flow transmitter located between said water supply and said pug mill for providing a water flow signal representative of the water flow to said pug mill; (c) a control valve located between said water supply and said pug mill for controlling the flow of water to said pug mill; and (d) a controller connected between said moisture sensor, said flow transmitter and said first control valve for receiving said moisture signal and said water flow signal and providing a water control signal to said control valve to control the flow of water to said pug mill; wherein said controller includes a water control output and said controller delays the addition of water to said feed material in said pug mill according to the amount of time for said feed material to travel from said moisture sensor to said pug mill. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said feed supply further includes a weight measuring device for providing a weight signal representative of the weight of said feed material, said weight signal used by controller in conjunction with said moisture signal to determine the amount of water to add when said feed material reaches said pug mill with said water control signal. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said feed material supply includes a conveyor for continuously moving said feed material by said moisture sensor and said weight measuring device prior to supplying said feed material to said pug mill. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The apparatus according to claim 21, wherein said conveyor includes a conveyor belt on which said feed material rides and under which said weight measuring device is placed, thereby allowing said conveyor belt to deflect onto said weight measuring device and provide an accurate measurement of feed material weight. ### Claim 23 (depends on 20) The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said controller delays the addition of water to said feed material in said pug mill according to the amount of time for said feed material to travel from said moisture sensor and said weight measuring device to said pug mill. ### Claim 24 (depends on 19) The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said moisture sensor includes a skid to ride on said feed material being applied to said pug mill by said feed material supply. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said skid has a raised front tip for preventing said skid from digging into said feed material. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said feed material is at ambient temperature and said skid further includes a heater for heating said skid above said ambient temperature enough to prevent said feed material from sticking to said skid. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said skid is heated about 20 .degree.F. above said ambient temperature of said feed material. ### Claim 28 (depends on 24) The apparatus according to claim 24, wherein said skid supporting said moisture sensor is formed from a ceramic material. ### Claim 29 (depends on 19) The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said feed material supply includes a conveyor for continuously supplying said feed material to said moisture sensor and then to said pug mill. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said feed material supply further includes a particle deflector upstream of said moisture sensor for deflecting unwanted particles in said feed material from said feed supply. ### Claim 31 (depends on 19) The apparatus according to claim 19 further including a moisture sensor mount, wherein said moisture sensor is held at a constant orientation with respect to said feed material to help prevent errors in moisture sensing. ### Claim 32 (depends on 19) The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said moisture sensor is a microwave moisture sensor. ### Claim 33 An apparatus for controlling the flow of water to a pug mill, said apparatus comprising: (a) a pug mill for mixing water with a stream of clay feed material; (b) a water supply system connected to said pug mill, said water supply system including a supply of water and a first control valve for controlling the flow of water to said pug mill, wherein said water supply system further includes an inlet line connected to a supply of water; a pump connected to said inlet line; an outlet line connected between said pump and said pug mill; a return loop connected between said outlet line and said inlet line; and a flow bypass for selectively controlling the flow of water between said pug mill and said return loop; (c) a moisture sensor located adjacent to said feed material supply for providing a moisture signal representative of the moisture content of the feed material upstream said pug mill; (d) a flow transmitter located between said water supply and said pug mill for providing a water flow signal representative of the water flow to said pug mill; and (e) a controller connected between said moisture sensor, said flow transmitter and said first control valve for receiving said moisture signal and said water flow signal and providing a water control signal to said control valve to control the flow of water to said pug mill. ### Claim 34 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said flow bypass includes a second control valve in said outlet line downstream of said return loop and a third control valve in said return loop. ### Claim 35 (depends on 34) The apparatus according to claim 34, wherein said second control valve is normally closed and said third control valve is normally open. ### Claim 36 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said water supply system includes a plurality of spray nozzles located in said pug mill. ### Claim 37 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said moisture sensor is a microwave moisture sensor. ### Claim 38 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said feed supply further includes a weight measuring device for providing a weight signal representative of the weight of said feed material, said weight signal used by controller in conjunction with said moisture signal to determine the amount of water to add when said feed material reaches said pug mill with said water control signal. ### Claim 39 (depends on 38) The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein said feed material supply includes a conveyor for continuously moving said feed material by said moisture sensor and said weight measuring device prior to supplying said feed material to said pug mill. ### Claim 40 (depends on 39) The apparatus according to claim 39, wherein said conveyor includes a conveyor belt on which said feed material rides and under which said weight measuring device is placed, thereby allowing said conveyor belt to deflect onto said weight measuring device and provide an accurate measurement of feed material weight. ### Claim 41 (depends on 38) The apparatus according to claim 38, wherein said controller includes a water control output, said controller delays the addition of water to said feed material in said pug mill according to the amount of time for said feed material to travel from said moisture sensor and said weight measuring device to said pug mill. ### Claim 42 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said moisture sensor includes a skid to ride on said feed material being supplied to said pug mill by said feed material supply. ### Claim 43 (depends on 42) The apparatus according to claim 42, wherein said skid has a raised front tip for preventing said skid from digging into said feed material. ### Claim 44 (depends on 42) The apparatus according to claim 42, wherein said feed material is at ambient temperature and said skid further includes a heater for heating said skid above said ambient temperature enough to prevent said feed material from sticking to said skid. ### Claim 45 (depends on 44) The apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said skid is heated about 20.degree. F. above said ambient temperature of said feed material. ### Claim 46 (depends on 42) The apparatus according claim 42, wherein said skid supporting said moisture sensor is formed from a ceramic material. ### Claim 47 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said feed material supply includes a conveyor for continuously supplying said feed material to said moisture sensor and then to said pug mill. ### Claim 48 (depends on 47) The apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said feed material supply further includes a particle deflector upstream of said moisture sensor for deflecting unwanted particles in said feed material from said feed supply. ### Claim 49 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said moisture sensor is held at a constant orientation with respect to said feed material to help prevent errors in moisture sensing. ### Claim 50 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said controller includes a water control output, said controller delays the addition of water to said feed material in said pug mill according to the amount of time for said feed material to travel from said moisture sensor to said pug mill. ### Claim 51 (depends on 33) The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said moisture sensor is a microwave moisture sensor. ### Claim 52 A method for controlling the flow of water to a pug mill for mixing water with a clay feed material received from a feed material supply upstream of said pug mill from a water supply system connected to said pug mill, said water supply system including a supply of water and a first control valve for controlling the flow of water to said pug mill, said method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a moisture signal representative of the moisture content of the feed material upstream said pug mill using a moisture sensor located adjacent to said feed material supply; (b) providing a water flow signal representative of the water flow to said pug mill using a flow transmitter located between said water supply and said pug mill; (c) controlling the flow of water to said pug mill using a control valve located between said water supply and said pug mill; (d) receiving said moisture signal and said water flow signal and providing a water control signal to said control valve to control the flow of water to said pug mill; and (e) delaying the addition of water to the feed material in the pug mill according to an amount of time for said feed material to travel from said moisture sensor to the pug mill.