# US 5,701,993 A · Porosity-free electrical contact material, pressure cast method and apparatus

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- Number: US 5,701,993 A
- Document ID: US5701993A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/257,990
- Filed: 1994-06-10
- Granted: 1997-12-30
- Earliest claimed: 1994-06-10
- Assignees: Eaton Corporation
- Inventors: Graham A. Whitlow; Mehmet N. Gungor; William R. Lovic
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5701993A

## CPC

- C22C 1/0425: {Copper-based alloys}
- B22F 3/1007: {Atmosphere (B22F3/1021 takes precedence)}
- C22C 1/0475: {Impregnated alloys}
- H01H 1/0206: {containing as major components Cu and Cr}
- B22F 2201/013: Hydrogen
- C22C: ALLOYS (treatment of alloys C21D, C22F)
- B22F: WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER (making alloys by powder metallurgy C22C); APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- H01H: ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES (contact cables H01B7/10; electrolytic self-interrupters H01G9/18; emergency protective circuit arrangements H02H; switching by electronic means without contact-making H03K17/00)

## Abstract

A 100% dense, porosity free copper-chromium contact has been prepared in which deleterious porosity has been eliminated. This copper-chromium contact has been produced by pressurizing liquid copper to infiltrate an evacuated chromium based, lightly sintered, highly porous preform. The electrical contact has one of either a homogeneous Cr distribution and a graded Cr distribution. The apparatus used to effect the molten metal infiltration has two independent, physically separated chambers--a first cold chamber and a second hot chamber. The first chamber is under no applied pressure except inside a gating system used to transfer molten Cu into the porous preform in the first chamber. The new contact has about 15-30% Cr material and a high erosion resistant contact surface. The graded Cr distribution has a Cr rich layer with about 25-50% by weight Cr, an intermediate Cr layer with about 15-20% by weight Cr, a low Cr layer with about 5-15% Cr and a Cr poor layer with about 1-5% Cr above a copper substrate.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An improved electrical contact comprising an alloy of Cu and Cr having a 100% dense, porosity free microstructure, wherein the composition of said contact is about 15-30% by weight Cr material, wherein said alloy has one of a homogeneous Cr distribution and a graded Cr distribution, wherein a preform infiltrated with copper to form said contact is selected from the group consisting of a 25% by weight Cr/25% by weight Cr/50% by weight Cu and 50% by weight Cr/50% by weight Cu.

### Claim 2

An improved electrical contact comprising an alloy of Cu and Cr having a 100% dense, porosity free microstructure, wherein the composition of said contact is about 15-30% by weight Cr material, wherein said alloy has one of a homogeneous Cr distribution and a graded Cr distribution, including a Cr rich layer having about 25-50% by weight Cr, an intermediate Cr layer having about 15-20% Cr, a low Cr layer having about 5-15% Cr and a Cr poor layer having about 1-5% Cr above a copper substrate.

### Claim 3 (depends on 5)

The improved electrical contact of claim 5, wherein said Cr rich layer is about 0.5 to 10 mils thick, said intermediate Cr layer is about 0.5 to 10 mils thick, said low Cr layer is about 0.5 to 10 mils thick, and said Cr poor layer is about 0.5 to 10 mils thick.