A process for the synthesis of zeolites based on silicon or based on silicon and aluminium, or mesoporous solids based on silicon or based on aluminium, or based on silicon and aluminium, comprising injecting, into an aqueous solution comprising at least one of an aqueous basic solution or an alcoholic solution of an alkyl tetraorthosilicate or a trialkoxyaluminate, at least one chemical agent at a rate effective to generate polycondensable species in said medium, wherein upon injection of said chemical agent, said species undergo crystallization to form a zeolite or mesoporous solid.