Sulfated polyhydroxy compounds as anionic surfactants and a process for their manufacture

A sulfated heteroatom containing aldonamide having the formula:

• ##STR23## wherein:
• G is a mixture of hydrogen (H) and at least one SO.sub.3 X group, or a mixture of hydrogen (H), polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene and at least one SO.sub.3 X group;
• R.sub.1 is hydrogen (H), a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group or mixtures thereof;
• R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.26 straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group or mixtures thereof;
• X is hydrogen (H), an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium group, alkyl ammonium group, mono-, di-, or trialkanol ammonium group, basic amino acid or mixtures thereof;
• Y=amine (NH), ether (O), ester (COO or OOC), amide (NR.sub.1 CO, CONR.sub.1 or NCOR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is defined as R.sub.1 above), sulfur (S), sulfur monoxide (SO), sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2), sulfamate (NSO.sub.3 X), hydroxy (CHOH or C(OH).sub.2) group or mixtures thereof;
• n=1-8;
• m=1-8;
• p=0-35;
• and
• Z=hydrogen (H) or hydrogen and at least one methyl group.

A sulfated alkyl(glycosid)uronamide having the formula:

• ##STR28## wherein:
• G is a mixture of hydrogen (H) and at least one SO.sub.3 X group, or a mixture of hydrogen (H), polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene and at least one SO.sub.3 X group;
• G.sub.2 is a mixture of hydrogen (H) and at least one SO.sub.3 X group, a mixture of hydrogen (H), polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene and at least one SO.sub.3 X group or a mixture of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 hydrocarbon and at least one SO.sub.3 X group;
• R.sub.1 is hydrogen (H), a C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group or mixtures thereof;
• R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.26 straight or branched chain, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group that may be interrupted with at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of amine (NH), ether (O), ester (COO or OOC), amide (NR.sub.1 CO, CONR.sub.1 or NCOR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is defined as R.sub.1 above), sulfamate (NSO.sub.3 X), hydroxy (CHOH or C(OH).sub.2) or mixtures thereof;
• and
• X is hydrogen (H), an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium group, alkyl ammonium group, mono-, di-, or trialkanol ammonium group, basic amino acid or mixtures thereof.

A process for producing sulfated alkyl aldobionamides, sulfated heteroatom containing alkyl aldonamides, or sulfated alkyl(glycosid)uronamides comprising the steps of:

• (1) preparing a heterogeneous suspension or homogeneous solution comprising of a mixture of alkyl aldobionamide, heteroatom containing alkyl aldonamide or alkyl(glycosid)uronamide and organic solvent;
• (2) adding a sulfating agent to said polyhydroxyamide suspension or solution such that the molar ratio of sulfating agent to polyhydroxyamide is from about 10:1 to about 1:10;
• (3) allowing the sulfating agent and polyhydroxyamide suspension or solution to react under rapid agitation until deemed complete;
• (4) removing the solvent by distillation or allowing the water to remain with the finished product for use as a diluent.

A process for improving the color of alkyl aldonamides comprising of the steps of:

• (1) preparing a heterogeneous suspension or homogeneous solution comprising of a mixture of alkyl aldonamide and organic solvent;
• (2) adding a sulfating agent to alkyl aldonamide suspension or solution such that the molar ratio of sulfating agent to alkyl aldonamide is from about 10:1 to about 1:10;
• (3) allowing the sulfating agent and alkyl aldonamide suspension or solution to react under rapid agitation until deemed complete to form sulfated alkyl aldonamide;
• (4) treating the sulfated alkyl aldonamide with a bleaching or reducing agent at a temperature from about 0.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C.;
• and
• (5) removing the organic solvent by distillation on allowing the water to remain with the finished product for use as a diluent.