High capacity high rate materials
AssigneeRegents of the University of Minnesota
InventorsDinh Ba Le, William H. Smyrl, Boone B. Owens, Stefano Passerini
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Abstract
Nominal composition V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) materials suitable for intercalations of greater than 2.4 Li per V.sub.2 O.sub.5 to yield theoretical energy density of greater than 970 Wh/Kg of cathode active material, the intercalation being completely reversible and synthesis of the materials from sol and gels, and devices incorporating these materials.
Claims41
A process for the preparation of intercalation materials of the nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) comprising:
- providing an aqueous solution of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 networks progressively formed as a sol, then a gel to yield a precursor hydrogel and treating the precursor hydrogel to form:
- (a) a cryogel of the nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) by freeze drying the precursor to the V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) cryogel form;
- or
- (b) an aerogel of the nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) wherein said aerogel is made by super critically drying the precursor to the aerogel V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) form.
A new reversibly intercalated nominal compound Li.sub.x V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) where 2.4.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.4, in the form of an organogel, a cryogel or an aerogel.
A composition of matter comprising nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) aerogel including bound carbon resulting from an organic solvent used in the preparation of the aerogel.
An aerogel having the formula nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) and a surface area in excess of about 300-450 m.sup.2 /g.
An electrode including a quantity of nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) organogel, cryogel or aerogel characterized in that it is capable of intercalating lithium ions to the extent greater than 2.4 and up to 4 Li.sup.+ ions per unit of V.sub.2 O.sub.5.
A reversible electrode comprising an intercalated nominal compound Li.sub.x V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) wherein 2.4.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.4.
A battery comprising a lithium ion source anode and an opposing cathode comprising a material capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions characterized in that the cathode material is selected from the group consisting of nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) organogels, cryogels and aerogels and has the capacity for reversibly intercalating at least 2.4 to 4 lithium ions per mole of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 in the cathode material.
A battery comprising a lithium ion source anode means and an opposing cathode comprising a material capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions characterized in that the cathode material is selected from the group consisting of nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) organogels including bound carbon, nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) cryogels including bound carbon and nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) aerogels including bound carbon.
A battery comprising a lithium ion source anode means and an opposing cathode comprising a material capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions characterized in that the material is selected from the group consisting of V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) organogels, cryogels and aerogels and provides a half cell reaction of x Li.sup.+ +V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH)+xe.dbd.Li.sub.x V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) where 2.4.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.4.
A process for the preparation of intercalation materials of nominal compound V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) comprising:
- providing an aqueous solution of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 networks progressively formed as a sol, then a gel to yield a precursor hydrogel and treating the precursor hydrogel to form an organogel by replacing water with an organic solvent.
A new reversibly intercalated nominal compound Li.sub.x V.sub.2 O.sub.4.5 (OH) where 2.4.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.4.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.