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US 5,639,806 AGranted
Bisphenol-containing resin coating articles and methods of using same
AssigneeBorden Chemical, Inc.
InventorsCalvin K. Johnson, Kwok-tuen Tse
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Abstract
Proppants comprising a particle coated with a composition comprising bisphenol-aldehyde novolak resin, a bisphenol homopolymer or mixtures including such polymers are disclosed. Foundry sands comprising a particle coated with a composition comprising bisphenol-aldehyde novolak resin, a bisphenol homopolymer or mixtures including such polymers are disclosed. Methods of making and using these proppant particles in subterranean formations or making and using these foundry sands in foundries are also disclosed.
Claims39
A proppant useful in treating a subterranean formation comprising particles, each particle comprising:
- a particulate proppant substrate;
- a solid coat of a coating composition coated on the substrate, the composition comprising a mixture of:
- (i) a resin selected from the group consisting of a bisphenol-aldehyde novolak polymer and a bisphenol homopolymer, the bisphenol component of the novolak polymer and homopolymer having a Formula I:
- ##STR11## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl and H, and are located meta to the respective OH group of the respective aromatic ring of Formula I;
- X is independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, sulfonyl, alkylidene unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, cycloalkylidene, and halogenated cycloalkylidene, wherein alkylidene is defined as by Formula II:
- ##STR12## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, halogenated aryl and halogenated arylalkyl, wherein the bisphenol components of the homopolymer are attached by direct bonds between aromatic carbon atoms;
- with an absence of bisphenol F for the novolak polymer bisphenol component when the proppant is a curable proppant;
- and
- (ii) a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the resin.
6 more elements
A method for treating a subterranean formation, comprising the step of:
- applying to the subterranean formation a proppant comprising:
- a particulate proppant substrate;
- a coating composition coated on the substrate, wherein about 1 to about 8% by weight of each particle of proppant is the coating composition, the composition comprising (i) a resin selected from the group consisting of a bisphenol-aldehyde novolak polymer, a bisphenol homopolymer and mixtures thereof, and (ii) a crosslinking agent for crosslinking the resin;
- the bisphenol component of the novolak polymer and homopolymer having a Formula I;
- ##STR13## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl and H are located meta to the respective OH group of the respective aromatic ring of Formula I;
- and
- X is independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, sulfonyl, alkylidene unsubstituted or unsubstituted with halogen, cycloalkylidene, and halogenated cycloalkylidene, wherein alkylidene is defined by Formula II:
- ##STR14## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, halogenated aryl and halogenated arylalkyl, wherein the bisphenol components of the homopolymer are attached by direct bonds between aromatic carbon atoms.
5 more elements
A polymer comprising a series of repeating units, each repeating unit being a bisphenolic moiety, the series having the following Formula I:
- ##STR15## wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl and H, and are located meta to the respective OH group of the respective aromatic ring of Formula I;
- a is at least 2, X is independently selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, sulfonyl, alkylidene unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, cycloalkylidene, and halogenated cycloalkylidene, wherein alkylidene is defined as by Formula II:
- ##STR16## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, halogenated aryl and halogenated arylalkyl.
- Z is independently selected from the group consisting of H, another bisphenolic moiety, and CH(R.sup.4)OH, wherein R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl and H, with the proviso that each repeating unit is attached to another repeating unit by a bond located ortho or para to an OH group of the repeating unit, Z is attached to each repeating unit by a bond located ortho or para to an OH group of the repeating unit, and at least one Z is CH(R.sup.4)OH.
1 more element
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.