Process for producing optically active polyketone

A process for producing optically active polyketone which comprises reacting a mono-substituted ethylene represented by the following general formula (II) ##STR13## wherein R.sup.1 represents a branched- or straight-chain alkyl group which may be substituted, an aralkyl group or an aryl group which may be substituted with a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom, each having 1 to 9 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide, thereby obtaining an optically active polyketone represented by the following general formula (III) ##STR14## wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above, and n is an integer of 10 to 10,000, said reacting being in the presence of a palladium-phosphine complex formed from a phosphine represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR15## wherein Ar.sup.1 represents a phenyl group which may be substituted with one or more substituent groups selected from a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group and a halogen, and a palladium salt.