Electrochemical hydrogen storage alloys and batteries fabricated from Mg containing base alloys
AssigneeOvonic Battery Company, Inc.
InventorsStanford R. Ovshinsky, Michael A. Fetcenko, Benjamin Reichman, Kwo Young, Benjamin Chao, Jun Im
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Abstract
A disordered multicomponent MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material having a microstructure including a substantial volume fraction characterized by intermediate range order and exhibiting extraordinarily high storage capacity and methods of fabricating same.
Claims65
A disordered multicomponent MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material comprising:
- (Base Alloy).sub.a M.sub.b
- where,
- Base Alloy is an alloy of Mg and Ni in a ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1;
- M represents at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, and Ca;
- b is greater than 0.5 atomic percent and less than 30 atomic percent;
- and
- a+b=100 atomic percent;
- and
- wherein at least 25% of the microstructure of said disordered MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material exhibits intermediate range order.
A disordered multicomponent MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material comprising:
- (Mg.sub.1-x M'.sub.x Ni.sub.1-y-z Co.sub.y Mn.sub.z).sub.1-a-b-c M".sub.a M'".sub.b M.sup.iv.sub.c
- where
- x is 0.01 to 6.0 atomic percent;
- y is 0.1 to 8.5, preferably 2.5 to 5.5 atomic percent;
- z is 0.1 to 10, preferably 4.5 to 8.5 atomic percent;
- a is 0.1 to 6 atomic percent;
- b is 0.01 to 2 atomic percent;
- c is 0.01 to 3 atomic percent;
- d is 0.01 to 8 atomic percent;
- M' is chosen from the group consisting of Ca, Be, and Y;
- M" is chosen from the group consisting of V, Ti, Zr, Cr, Al, Fe, and Sn;
- M'" is chosen from the group consisting of B, Bi, In, and Sb;
- and
- M.sup.iv is chosen from the group consisting of Cu, Th, Si, Zn, Li, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, and F.
An electrochemical hydrogen storage cell comprising:
- a disordered multicomponent negative electrode comprising an alloy of Mg and Ni in a ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1;
- and at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, and Ca where the total mass of said at least one modifier is greater than 0.5 atomic percent and less than 30 atomic percent of said alloy;
- where at least 25% of the microstructure of said disordered MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material exhibits intermediate range order;
- a positive electrode;
- and
- a separator.
A method for fabricating a disordered multicomponent MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material comprising the steps of:
- rapidly solidifying an alloy of Mg and Ni in a ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1 to form power particles, where said alloy is modified using at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, and Ca where the total mass of said at least one modifier element is greater than 0.5 atomic percent and less than 30 atomic percent;
- and
- mechanically alloying the powder particles of the rapidly solidified melt spun alloy;
- wherein at least 25% of the microstructure the rapidly solidified/mechanically alloyed alloy exhibits intermediate range order.
A method for fabricating a disordered multicomponent MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material comprising the steps of:
- rapidly solidifying an alloy of Mg and Ni in a ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1 modified using at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, and Ca where the total mass of said at least one modifier element is greater than 0.5 atomic percent and less than 30 atomic percent;
- wherein at least 25% of the rapidly solidified alloy exhibits intermediate range order.
A method for fabricating a disordered multicomponent MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material comprising the steps of:
- mechanically alloying an alloy of Mg and Ni in a ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1 modified using at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, and Ca where the total mass of said at least one modifier element is greater than 0.5 atomic percent and less than 30 atomic percent;
- where at 25% of the microstructure of the mechanically alloyed alloy exhibits intermediate range order.
A method of activating disordered, multicomponent negative nickel metal hydride electrode material characterized by the step of subjecting said electrode material to an acid etch.
A disordered multicomponent MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material comprising:
- (Base Alloy).sub.a M.sub.b
- where,
- Base Alloy is an alloy of Mg and Ni in a ratio of from about 1:2 to about 2:1;
- M represents at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, and Ca;
- b is greater than 0.5 atomic percent and less than 30 atomic percent;
- and
- a+b=100 atomic percent;
- and
- where said disordered MgNi based electrochemical hydrogen storage material exhibits intermediate range order, and comprises powder particles that are from 1-75 microns in size.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.