Functionalized photoinitiators, macromers thereof, and the use thereof

An oligomer or polymer containing H-active groups --OH and/or --NH-- bonded to the oligomer or polymer backbone, without a bridge group or via a --(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene--O)-- or --(C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene--NH)-- bridge group, some or all of whose H atoms in the H-active groups have been substituted by radicals of the formulae IV and/or IVa ##STR47## in which X is O;

• Y is O, NH or NR.sub.6 ;
• Y.sub.1 is O;
• Y.sub.2 is --O--, --O--(O)C--, --C(O)--O-- or --O--C(O)--O--;
• each n, independently of one another, is 0 or 1;
• R is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl --NH--;
• R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, independently of one another, are H, linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 hydroxyalkyl or C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, or two groups R.sub.1 --(Y.sub.1).sub.n -- together are --(CH.sub.2).sub.x -- or the R.sub.1 --(Y.sub.1).sub.n -- and R.sub.2 --(Y.sub.1).sub.n -- groups together form a radical of the formula:
• ##STR48## R.sub.3 is a direct bond or linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted by --OH and/or is uninterrupted or interrupted by one or more --O--, --O--C(O)-- or --O--C(O)--O-- groups;
• R.sub.4 is branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 arylene, which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 aralkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylene--C.sub.y H.sub.2y -- which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or --C.sub.y H.sub.2y --C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkylene--C.sub.y H.sub.2y -- which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy;
• each R.sub.5, independently of one another, has the same meaning as R.sub.4 or is linear C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 alkylene;
• R.sub.6 is linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl;
• x is an integer from 3 to 5;
• y is an integer from 1 to 6;
• and
• R.sub.a and R.sub.b, independently of one another, are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, benzyl or phenyl;
• with the provisos:
• that n in the --(Y.sub.1).sub.n --R.sub.1 groups is 0 if R.sub.2 is H,
• that at most two Y.sub.1 radicals in the --(Y.sub.1).sub.n -- groups in the formula I are O and n in the other --(Y.sub.1).sub.n -- groups is 0,
• that at most one Y.sub.1 in the --(Y.sub.1).sub.n -- groups in the formula Ia is O and n in the other --(Y.sub.1).sub.n --group is 0, and
• that n in the --(Y.sub.2).sub.n -- group is 0 if R.sub.3 is a direct bond;
• wherein the oligomer or polymer is a natural or synthetic oligomer or polymer selected from the group consisting of cyclodextrin, starch, hyaluronic acid, deacetylated hyaluronic acid, chitosan, trehalose, cellobiose, maltotriose, maltohexaose, chitohexaose, agarose, chitin 50, amylose, glucan, heparin, xylan, pectin, galactan, glycosaminoglycan, dextran, aminated dextran, cellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose, carboxyalkylcellulose, heparin, fucoidan, chondroin sulfate, a sulfated polysaccharide, a mucopolysaccharide, gelatin, collagen, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, ovalbumin, keratin, fibronectcin, vitronectin, pepsin, trypsin and lysozyme.