Miniaturized intracavity frequency-doubled blue laser

A blue laser producing output radiation of wavelength 465 nm, comprising:

• a pump source providing pump radiation of wavelength 780 to 820 nm at least at a minimum pump power level of P;
• a neodymium-doped yttrium orthoaluminate (Nd:YAlO.sub.3) gain medium of thickness L comprising an input facet, said gain medium disposed proximate said pump source such that a beam of said pump radiation comprising a cross-sectional area of A.sub.P is incident upon said input facet, said gain medium operating to convert said beam of pump radiation into a fundamental radiation of wavelength 930 nm comprising a laser mode cross-sectional area of A.sub.L ;
• a nonlinear crystal of thickness L.sub.N disposed proximate said gain medium such that said nonlinear crystal acts as a frequency doubler to convert said fundamental radiation into said output radiation;
• and
• at least one mirror surface providing a reflectivity of at least 99.5% at said fundamental radiation wavelength, wherein said pump power level P is defined by ##EQU9##

A miniature green laser producing output radiation of wavelength 539 nm, comprising:

• a pump source providing pump radiation of wavelength 780 to 820 nm at least at a minimum pump power level of P;
• a neodymium-doped yttrium orthoaluminate (Nd:YAlO.sub.3) gain medium of thickness L comprising an input facet, said gain medium disposed proximate said pump source such that a beam of said pump radiation comprising a cross-sectional area of A.sub.P is incident upon said input facet, said gain medium operating to convert said beam of pump radiation into a fundamental radiation of wavelength 1.079 .mu.m comprising a laser mode cross-sectional area of A.sub.L, said input facet comprising an input optical layer such that said input facet provides a reflectivity of at least 99.5% at the fundamental radiation wavelength;
• and
• a nonlinear crystal of thickness L.sub.N comprising an output facet, said nonlinear crystal disposed proximate said gain medium such that said nonlinear crystal acts as a frequency doubler to convert said fundamental radiation into said output radiation, said output facet comprising an output optical layer such that said output facet provides a reflectivity of at least 99.5% at the fundamental radiation wavelength, wherein said pump power level P is defined by ##EQU10##

A miniature red laser producing output radiation of wavelength 670 nm, comprising:

• a pump source providing pump radiation of wavelength 780 to 820 nm at least at a minimum pump power level of P;
• a neodymium-doped yttrium orthoaluminate (Nd:
• YAlO.sub.3) gain medium of thickness L comprising an input facet, said gain medium disposed proximate said pump source such that a beam of said pump radiation comprising a cross-sectional area of A.sub.P is incident upon said input facet, said gain medium operating to convert said beam of pump radiation into a fundamental radiation of wavelength 1.341 .mu.m comprising a laser mode cross-sectional area of A.sub.L, said input facet comprising an input optical layer such that said input facet provides a reflectivity of at least 99.5% at the fundamental radiation wavelength;
• and
• a nonlinear crystal of thickness L.sub.N comprising an output facet, said nonlinear crystal disposed proximate said gain medium such that said nonlinear crystal acts as a frequency doubler to convert said fundamental radiation into said output radiation, said output facet comprising an output optical layer such that said output facet provides a reflectivity of at least 99.5% at the fundamental radiation wavelength, wherein said pump power level P is defined by ##EQU11##