Electroactive high storage capacity polycarbon-sulfide materials and electrolytic cells containing same
AssigneeMoltech Corporation
InventorsTerje A. Skotheim, Igor P. Kovalev
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Abstract
The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polycarbon sulfide (PCS) materials of general formula (CS.sub.x).sub.n wherein x is greater than 2.5 to about 50, and n is equal to or greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polycarbon-sulfide materials with improved storage capacity at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures. This invention also relates to novel gel type solid electrolytes useful in high energy storage batteries.
Claims31
An electrochemically active polycarbonsulfide material, which in its oxidized state, is of the general formula I ##STR7## wherein x ranges from greater than 2.5 to about 50, and n is greater than or equal to 2.
An electric current producing cell comprising:
- (a) an anode comprised of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to group IA and group HA of the Periodic Table of the elements;
- (b) a cathode material comprised of a polycarbon-sulfide material of the general formula I, ##STR9## wherein values for x can range from greater than 2.5 to about 50, and n is equal to or greater than 2;
- and
- (c) an electrolyte.
An electric current producing cell comprising:
- (a) an anode comprising one or more materials selected from the group of alkali metals, alkali metal intercalated carbons, alloys containing alkali metals, and alkali metal doped conjugated polymers;
- (b) a cathode material comprised of a polycarbon-sulfide material of general formula I, ##STR14## wherein x is greater than 2.5 to about 50, n is equal to or greater than 2, and said polycarbonsulfide material is derived from the reduction of carbon disulfide with an alkali metal;
- and
- (c) an electrolyte comprised of one or more gel-polymer electrolytes selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, polyacrylonitriles, polyphosphazines, polysiloxanes, polyimides, sulfonated polyimides, Nation.TM. resins, sulfonated polystyrenes, polyethers, divinyl polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol-bis-(methyl acrylates), polyethylene glycol-bis(methyl methacrylate);
- blends of the foregoing;
- derivatives of the foregoing;
- copolymers of the foregoing;
- and crosslinked and network structures of the foregoing;
- to which has been added one or more gel-forming agents selected from the group of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, N-methyl acetamide, sulfolane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, polyethylene glycols, 1,3-dioxane, glymes, siloxanes, ethylene oxide grafted siloxanes, and methoxy tetrahydrofuran;
- and which further comprises one or more ionic salts selected from the group consisting of MClO.sub.4, MAsF.sub.6, MSO.sub.3 CF.sub.3, MSO.sub.3 CH.sub.3, MBF.sub.4, MB(Ph).sub.4, MPF.sub.6, MC(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3, MN(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR15## where M is Li or Na.
An electric current producing cell comprising:
- (a) an anode comprising one or more metals selected from the group of lithium metal and sodium metal
- (b) a composite cathode comprised of:
- (i) a polycarbon-sulfide material of general formula (CS.sub.x).sub.n, wherein x is greater than 2.5 to about 50 and n is equal to or greater than 2;
- (ii) an electrolyte comprising an ionic salt selected from the group of Li(SO.sub.3 CF.sub.3), MC(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3, MN(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR16## and a polymer comprising a material selected from the group of divinyl polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol-bis-(methyl acrylates), and polyethylene glycol-bis(methyl methacrylate) cured by UV, x-ray, gamma ray, electron beam, or other ionizing radiation;
- polysiloxanes, ethylene oxide grafted siloxanes, and polyethylene oxide;
- which optionally further contains a liquid gelation agent;
- (iii) a conductive filler selected from the group of conductive carbons, acetylene blacks, and graphite;
- and
- (c) an electrolyte comprised of one or more materials selected from the group of polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, polyethers, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, cured divinyl polyethylene glycols, cured polyethylene glycol-bis-(methyl acrylates), and cured polyethylene glycol dimethyl acrylates;
- which electrolyte further comprises a liquid gelation agent and one or more alkali metal salts selected from the group consisting of MCIO.sub.4, MAsF.sub.6, MSO.sub.3 CF.sub.3, MSO.sub.3 CH.sub.3, MBF.sub.4, MB(Ph).sub.4, MPF.sub.6, MC(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3, MN(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR17## where M is Li or Na.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.