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AssigneeBrandeis University
InventorsKalyana Sundram, Daniel Perlman, Kenneth C. Hayes
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A method of increasing the HDL concentration and the HDL/LDL concentration ratio in human serum by providing a balance between a sufficient and required proportion of cholesterol-free saturated fatty acids in the daily dietary fat of the human and a sufficient and required, but not excessive, proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids comprising linoleic acid in dietary fat, while the remaining proportion of fatty acids and energy from the dietary fat is provided by monounsaturated fatty acids comprising oleic acid. The saturated fatty acids must constitute between 20% and 40% by weight of the daily dietary fat based upon dietary fat accounting for 30% of the total dietary energy consumption, and linoleic acid must constitute between 15% and 40% by weight of dietary fat. In this way, the required proportional intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids enhances the formation of HDL from VLDL and/or decreases the clearance of HDL, while an excessive proportional intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids is avoided to assure a sufficient dietary availability of saturated fatty acids which are required for sufficient VLDL synthesis and HDL production.
A method of increasing the HDL concentration and the HDL/LDL concentration ratio in human serum by providing a balance between a sufficient and required proportion of cholesterol-free saturated fatty acids in the daily dietary fat of said human and a sufficient and required, but not excessive proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids comprising linoleic acid in said dietary fat, while the remaining proportion of fatty acids and energy from said dietary fat is provided by monounsaturated fatty acids comprising oleic acid, said method comprising the step of:
A method of decreasing the LDL concentration in human serum by ingesting saturated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid and combinations thereof, in the daily diet in a proportion between 20% and 40% by weight of the daily dietary fat based upon said dietary fat accounting for 30% of the total dietary energy consumption, and maintaining a proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids comprising linoleic acid in the daily diet at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids comprising oleic acid and/or elaidic acid, wherein said linoleic acid constitutes between 15% and 40% by weight of said dietary fat, whereby removal of plasma VLDL remnants and LDL is maximized, and the production of LDL is reduced.
A method of increasing the HDL and stabilizing or decreasing the LDL concentration in human serum by ingesting saturated fatty acids selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid and combinations thereof, in the daily diet in a proportion between 20% and 40% by weight of the daily dietary fat based upon said dietary fat accounting for 30% of the total dietary energy consumption, whereby the production of VLDL, as the HDL precursor, is adequately sustained and is not rate limiting in HDL biosynthesis, and maintaining a proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids comprising linoleic acid in the daily diet at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids comprising oleic acid and/or elaidic acid, wherein said linoleic acid constitutes between 15% and 40% by weight of said dietary fat, whereby VLDL catabolism to HDL is facilitated and hepatic clearance of VLDL remnants and LDL is enhanced.
A method of increasing the HDL concentration and the HDL/LDL concentration ratio in human serum comprising the step of ingesting foods prepared using a cholesterol-free blended fat composition containing a ratio of one part by weight polyunsaturated fatty acids to at least one part by weight saturated fatty acids, wherein said blended fat composition comprises linoleic acid and at least one saturated fatty acid selected from the group including lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid, said linoleic acid constituting between 15% by weight and 40% by weight of said composition, whereby adequate dietary levels of saturated fatty acids in the absence of cholesterol stimulate VLDL synthesis and secretion by the liver, and adequate dietary levels of linoleic acid enhance LPL activity and generation of HDL and VLDL while stimulating the removal of VLDL remnants and LDL and concomitantly decreasing CETP activity and HDL catabolism.
A method of increasing the HDL concentration and the HDL/LDL concentration ratio in human serum comprising the step of ingesting foods prepared using at least one modified fat selected from the group including a chemically interesterified fat, an enzymatically interesterified fat, and a synthetic fat, wherein said modified fat comprises one part by weight polyunsaturated fatty acids and at least one part by weight saturated fatty acids selected from the group including lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid, said polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting between 15% by weight and 40% by weight of said modified fat and said saturated fatty acids constituting between 20% and 40% by weight of said modified fat, whereby adequate dietary levels of saturated fatty acids in the absence of cholesterol stimulate VLDL synthesis and secretion by the liver, and adequate dietary levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance LPL activity and generation of HDL from VLDL while stimulating the removal of VLDL remnants and LDL and concomitantly decreasing CETP activity and HDL catabolism.
A liquid and/or solid dietary composition suitable for human or animal ingestion for increasing the HDL concentration and the HDL/LDL concentration ratio in the blood serum, comprising a formula diet wherein essentially all of said dietary fat which accounts for between 15% and 45% of the total dietary energy in said formula diet, is provided by a blended fat composition containing one part by weight polyunsaturated fat and at least one part by weight cholesterol-tree saturated fat, wherein said blended fat composition comprises linoleic acid and at least one saturated fatty acid selected from the group including lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid, said linoleic acid constituting between 15% by weight and 40% by weight of said composition and said saturated fatty acid constituting between 20% and 40% by weight of said composition.
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