Electrochemical hydrogen storage alloys and batteries containing heterogeneous powder particles
AssigneeOvonic Battery Company, Inc.
InventorsStanford R. Ovshinsky, Michael A. Fetcenko, Jun Im, Benjamin Chao, Benjamin Reichman, Kwo Young
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Abstract
Non-uniform heterogeneous powder particles for electrochemical uses, and said powder particles comprising at least two separate and distinct hydrogen storage alloys selected from the group consisting of: Ovonic LaNi.sub.5 type alloys, Ovonic TiNi type alloys, and Ovonic MgNi based alloys.
Claims34
Non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles for electrochemical uses, where each of said non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles comprising at least two separate and distinct hydrogen storage alloys blended together.
Non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles for electrochemical uses, said powder particles comprising at least two separate and distinct hydrogen storage alloys where a first alloy of said at least two separate and distinct hydrogen storage alloys comprises materials having the following composition:
- (Mg.sub.x Ni.sub.1-x).sub.a M.sub.b
- where,
- M represents at least one modifier element chosen from the
- group consisting of Ni, CO, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn,
- Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, and Ca;
- b ranges from 0 to less than 30, atomic percent;
- and
- a+b=100 atomic percent of said first alloy;
- 2<
- x<75;
- and,
- where a second alloys of said at least two separate and distinct hydrogen storage alloys comprises components chosen from a group consisting of;
- Ti in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- V in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Zr in the amount of 0 to 40 atomic percent;
- Ni in the amount of 0 to 57 atomic percent;
- Cr in the amount of 0 to 56 atomic percent;
- Cu in the amount of 0 to 56 atomic percent;
- Co in the amount of 0 to 15 atomic percent;
- Mn in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Al in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Fe in the amount of 0 to 10 atomic percent;
- Mo in the amount of 0 to 8 atomic percent;
- La in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- and
- Mm in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- where the total amount of said components is equal to 100 atomic percent of said second alloy;
- and said second alloy encapsulates said first alloy.
A method of making non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles for electrochemical hydrogen storage comprising:
- forming a first component by mixing and melting where said alloy has the following composition:
- (Mg.sub.x Ni.sub.1-x).sub.a M.sub.b
- where,
- M represents at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, and Ca;
- b ranges from 0 to less than 30 atomic percent;
- a+b=100 atomic percent of said first component material;
- 2.ltoreq. x.ltoreq.75;
- and
- forming a second component comprising at least one element chosen from the group consisting of:
- Ti in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Zr in the amount of 0 to 40 atomic percent;
- V in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Ni in the amount of 0 to 57 atomic percent;
- Cr in the amount of 0 to 56 atomic percent;
- Cu in the amount of 0 to 56 atomic percent;
- Co in the amount of 0 to 15 atomic percent;
- Mn in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Al in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Fe in the amount of 0 to 10 atomic percent;
- Mo in the amount of 0 to 8 atomic percent;
- La in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- and
- Mm in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- where the total amount of said components is equal to 100
- atomic percent of said second component material;
- encapsulating said first component with said second component.
A method of making non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles for electrochemical hydrogen storage comprising the steps of:
- forming a first component having the following composition:
- (Mg.sub.x Ni.sub.1-x).sub.a M.sub.b
- where,
- M represents at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn,
- Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pt, Nd, Mm, and Ca;
- b ranges from 0 to less than 30 atomic percent;
- a+b=100 atomic percent of said first component material;
- 2.ltoreq. x.ltoreq.75;
- forming a second component that is a disordered multicomponent material comprising the following elements:
- Ti in the amount of 0.1 to 60 atomic percent;
- Zr in the amount of 0.1 to 25 atomic percent;
- V in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Ni in the amount of 0.1 to 57 atomic percent;
- Cr in the amount of 0.1 to 56 atomic percent;
- Co in the amount of 0 to 7 atomic percent;
- Mn in the amount of 4.5 to 8.5 atomic percent;
- Al in the amount of 0. to 3 atomic percent;
- Fe in the amount of 0 to 2.5 atomic percent;
- Mo in the amount of 0 to 6.2 atomic percent;
- La in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- and
- Mm in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- where the total amount of said elements is equal to 100 atomic percent of said second material;
- and
- blending said first component and said second component together by mechanically mixing using ball milling, or impact mixing to form non-uniform heterogeneous powder particles.
Non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles for use as active material for a nickel metal hydride negative electrode comprising a composite material formed from at least two members selected from the group consisting of single phase TiNi alloys, single phase LaNi.sub.5 alloys, single phase Mg base alloys, multiple phase TiNi alloys, and multiple phase LaNi.sub.5 alloys, and multiple phase Mg base alloys blended together.
An active material for use as a component of a nickel metal hydride negative electrode comprising:
- non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles formed by blending together at least two members selected from the group consisting of:
- single phase TiNi alloys, single phase LaNi.sub.5 alloys, single phase Mg base alloys, multiple phase TiNi alloys, and multiple phase LaNi.sub.5 alloys, and multiple phase Mg base alloys.
Non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles of electrochemical use, said non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles comprising a first blended with and a second component where said first component comprises materials having the following composition:
- (Mg.sub.x Ni.sub.1-x).sub.a M.sub.b
- where,
- M represents at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn,
- Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pt, Nd, Mm, and Ca;
- b ranges from 0 to less than 30 atomic percent;
- and
- a+b=100 atomic percent of said first component;
- 25.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.75;
- and
- said second component comprises at least one element chosen from the group consisting of:
- Ti in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Zr in the amount of 0 to 40 atomic percent;
- V in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Ni in the amount of 0 to 57 atomic percent;
- Cr in the amount of 0 to 56 atomic percent;
- Cu in the amount of 0 to 56 atomic percent;
- Co in the amount of 0 to 15 atomic percent;
- Mn in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Al in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Fe in the amount of 0 to 10 atomic percent;
- Mo in the amount of 0 to 8 atomic percent;
- La in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- and
- Mm in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- where the total amount of said elements is equal to 100 atomic percent of said second component.
An electrochemical hydrogen storage cell comprising:
- non-uniform heterogeneous composite powder particles for electrochemical hydrogen storage comprising:
- a first component comprising materials having the following composition:
- (Mg.sub.x Ni.sub.1-x).sub.a M.sub.b
- where,
- M represents at least one modifier element chosen from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn,
- Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, and Ca;
- b ranges from 0 to less than 30 atomic percent;
- and
- a+b=100 atomic percent of said first component material;
- 25.ltoreq.x23 75;
- blended with
- a second component comprising at least one element chosen from the group consisting of:
- Ti in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Zr in the amount of 0 to 40 atomic percent;
- V in the amount of 0 to 60 atomic percent;
- Ni in the amount at 0 to 57 atomic percent;
- Cr in the amount of 0 to 5 atomic percent;
- Cu in the amount of 0 to 56 atomic percent;
- Co in the amount of 0 to 15 atomic percent;
- Mn in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Al in the amount of 0 to 20 atomic percent;
- Fe in the amount of 0 to 10 atomic percent;
- Mo in the amount of 0 to 8 atomic percent;
- La in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- and
- Mm in the amount of 0 to 30 atomic percent;
- where the total amount of said elements is equal to 100 atomic percent of said second component.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.