Electroactive high storage capacity polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials and electrolytic cells containing same
AssigneeMoltech Corporation
InventorsTerje A. Skotheim, Boris Trofimov, Malkina A. Grigorevna, Igor P. Koralev
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Abstract
The present invention relates to novel electroactive energy storing polyacetylene-copolysulfur (PAS) materials of general formula (C.sub.2 S.sub.x).sub.n wherein x is greater than 1 to about 100, and n is equal to or greater than 2. This invention also relates to novel rechargeable electrochemical cells containing positive electrode materials comprised of said polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials with improved storage capacity and cycle life at ambient and sub-ambient temperatures.
Claims33
Art electrochemically active polyacetylene-co-polysulfur material, which in its oxidized state, is of the general formula I ##STR7## wherein x ranges from greater than 1 to about 100, and n is greater than or equal to 2, and said polyacetylene-co-polysulfur material does not contain aliphatic or aromatic moieties.
An electric current producing cell comprising:
- (a) an anode comprised of a metal selected from the group consisting of metals belonging to group IA and group IIA of the Periodic Table of the elements;
- (b) a cathode material comprised of a polyacetylene-co-polysulfur material of the general formula I, ##STR9## wherein values for x can range from greater than 1 to about 100, and n is equal to or greater than 2;
- and
- (c) an electrolyte.
Am electric current producing cell comprising:
- (a) an anode comprising one or more materials selected from the group of alkali metals, alkali metal intercalated carbons, alloys containing alkali metals, and alkali metal doped conjugated polymers;
- (b) a cathode material comprised of a polyacetylene-co-polysulfur material of general formula I, ##STR14## wherein x is greater than 1 to about 100, n is equal to or greater than 2, and said polyacetylene-copolysulfur material is derived from the polymerization of acetylene in the presence of sulfur;
- and
- (c) an electrolyte comprised of one or more gel-polymer electrolytes selected from the group consisting of polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, polyacrylonitriles, polyimides, sulfonated polyimides, Nafion.TM. resins, sulfonated polystyrenes, polyethers, divinyl polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol-bis-(methyl acrylates), polyethylene glycol-bis(methyl methacrylate);
- blends of the foregoing;
- derivatives of the foregoing;
- copolymers of the foregoing;
- and crosslinked and network structures of the foregoing;
- to which has been added one or more gel-forming agents selected from the group of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, N-methyl acetamide, sulfolane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, polyethylene glycols, 1,3-dioxane, glymes, siloxanes, polyethylene oxide grafted siloxanes, and methoxy tetrahydrofuran;
- and which further comprises one or more ionic salts selected from the group consisting of MClO.sub.4, MAsF.sub.6, MSO.sub.3 CF.sub.3, MSO.sub.3 CH.sub.3, MBF.sub.4, MB(Ph).sub.4, MPF.sub.6, MC(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3, MN(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR15## .
An electric current producing cell comprising:
- (a) an anode comprising one or more metals selected from the group of lithium metal and sodium metal
- (b) a composite cathode comprised of:
- (i) a polyacetylene-co-polysulfur material of general formula (C.sub.2 S.sub.x).sub.n, wherein x is greater than 1 to about 100 and n is equal to or greater than 2;
- (ii) an electrolyte comprising an ionic salt selected from the group of Li(SO.sub.3 CF.sub.3), MC(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3, MN(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR16## and a polymer comprising a material selected from the group of divinyl polyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycol-bis-(methyl acrylates), and polyethylene glycol-bis(methyl methacrylate) cured by UV, x-ray, gamma ray, electron beam, or other ionizing radiation;
- polysiloxanes, ethylene oxide grafted siloxanes, and polyethylene oxide;
- which optionally further contains a liquid gelation agent;
- (iii) a conductive filler selected from the group of conductive carbons, acetylene blacks, and graphite;
- and
- (c) an electrolyte comprised of one or more materials selected from the group of polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, polyethers, polyethylene oxides, cured divinyl polyethylene glycols, cured polyethylene glycol-bis-(methyl acrylates), and cured polyethylene glycol bis-(dimethyl acrylates);
- which electrolyte further comprises a liquid gelation agent and one or more alkali metal salts selected from the group consisting of MClO.sub.4, MAsF.sub.6, MSO.sub.3 CF.sub.3, MSO.sub.3 CH.sub.3, MBF.sub.4, MB(Ph).sub.4, MPF.sub.6, MC(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3, MN(SO.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.2, ##STR17## where M is Li or Na.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.