Optoelectronic integrated circuits and method of fabricating and reducing losses using same

An optical circuit, comprising:

• a substrate having a region with a periodic dielectric lattice structure having a spatially periodic variation in dielectric constant in at least two dimensions in which the lattice dimensions are proportioned to produce a frequency band gap defining a band of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation at which the optical circuit is operable such that radiation at such frequencies is substantially prevented from propagating in at least one dimension within the region;
• and
• at least one optical device formed on or in the substrate proximate to the region with the periodic dielectric lattice structure, such that radiation from the optical device having a frequency within the frequency band gap is substantially prevented from propagating within the substrate.

An optical circuit, comprising:

• a substrate having a region with a periodic dielectric lattice structure having a spatially periodic variation in dielectric constant in at least two dimensions in which the lattice dimensions are proportioned to produce a frequency band gap defining a band of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation at which the optical circuit is operable such that radiation at such frequencies is substantially prevented from propagating in at least one dimension within the region;
• and
• at least one optical waveguide formed on or in the substrate proximate to the region with the periodic dielectric lattice structure, such that radiation in the waveguide at a frequency within the frequency band gap is substantially prevented from propagating into the substrate.