Process and device for fixing in a fluidtight manner a through tube in a dome-shaped wall of a component of a nuclear reactor

A process for fixing in a fluidtight manner at least one through tube in a substantially dome-shaped wall constituting an end of a vessel of a pressurized water nuclear reactor, said substantially dome-shaped wall being composed of a low alloy steel and said at least one through tube being composed of a nickel alloy of a given grade, said process comprising the steps of

• (a) coating at least partly a concave inner surface of said substantially dome-shaped wall with a buttering layer of stainless steel;
• (b) depositing in at least one region of said substantially dome-shaped wall in which at least one through tube is to be fixed a layer of nickel alloy of a grade similar to said given grade of said nickel alloy of said at least one through tube;
• (c) producing a respective opening by drilling said substantially dome-shaped wall and said layers of stainless steel and nickel alloy at a diameter slightly smaller than a nominal diameter at ambient temperature of said at least one through tube;
• (d) mounting at a low temperature of liquid nitrogen said at least one through tube in said respective opening of said substantially dome-shaped wall constituting a cylindrical joint region for said at least one through tube, so that said tube has an outer projecting end portion at least on a side of a convex surface of said substantially dome-shaped wall;
• (e) shrink-fitting said at least one through tube in said respective opening;
• (f) closing said outer projecting end portion of said through tube in a fluidtight manner;
• (g) fixing in a fluidtight manner on a part of said component a wall which is complementary to said substantially dome-shaped wall and which carries an electron gun, so as to define with a concave inner surface of said substantially dome-shaped wall a fluidtight chamber in which said electron gun is capable of firing an electron beam;
• (h) creating a low pressure in said fluidtight chamber;
• (i) directing the firing of said electron beam produced by said electron gun along a generatrix of said joint region of said through tube;
• and
• (j) rotating said electron gun about an axis of symmetry of said through tube so as to cause said electron beam to scan said joint region and weld said through tube to said substantially dome-shaped wall.