A holographic data storage and retrieval system for storing and retrieving multi-dimensional data arrays containing illuminated and dark regions, wherein data arrays stored in the system are modulated such that, in each row and column of an output modulated data array page V.sub.out, there are at least a threshold number t of transitions, where t is a predetermined integer greater than 2, the system comprising:
- a) central processing means for controlling the holographic storage and retrieval system;
- b) holographic storage medium means, in communication with said central processing means, for retaining an image of the data array to be stored;
- c) first modulator means, interfaced with said central processing means, for modulating a data array input thereto, to produce a first modulated array, the first modulated array having at least the threshold number of transitions;
- and
- d) means for causing the first modulator means to operate on a multi-dimensional input data array containing data to be stored, to produce modulated data having at least the threshold number of transitions, whereby, when the modulated data is stored in the holographic storage system, interference is minimized between adjacent images.