Photomultiplier tube having a metal-made sidewall

A photomultiplier tube comprising:

• a metal sidewall having first and second ends in a longitudinal direction, the second end of said metal sidewall including a flange-shaped sealing portion about the entire periphery thereof, said flange-shaped sealing portion having a first surface substantially normal to said longitudinal direction of said metal sidewall;
• a transparent faceplate hermetically sealed to the first end of said metal sidewall, said faceplate having a surface;
• a stem including a metal flange-shaped, airtight sealing section having a second surface facing and in contact with said first surface, said first surface of said sealing portion of said metal sidewall being hermetically sealed to said second surface of said sealing section of said stem about the entire periphery of said metal sidewall, said metal sidewall, said faceplate and said stem forming an airtight chamber with the surface of said faceplate being directed inwardly of said airtight chamber;
• a photocathode formed on the surface of said faceplate for producing electrons in response to incident radiation thereon;
• an electron multiplier assembly provided within the airtight chamber for multiplying the electrons relayed from said photocathode, said electron multiplier assembly comprising a plurality of dynodes arranged in a predetermined number of stages in the longitudinal direction of said metal side wall, each stage including a predetermined number of dynodes;
• an anode for receiving multiplied electrons from said electron multiplier assembly and producing an output signal representative of the radiation incident on said photocathode, said anode including a plurality of plate-shaped anode elements and a plurality of electrically isolated leads connected in one-to-one correspondence to said plurality of plate-shaped anode elements, said plurality of leads being sealed through said stem;
• and
• a metal exhaust tube formed in said stem, said metal exhaust tube being sealed and maximally shortened after gaseous matter within said airtight chamber is evacuated.

A photomultiplier tube comprising:

• a sidewall made entirely of metal, and having first and second ends in a longitudinal direction, the first end being formed with a radially inwardly protruding annular rim, said annular rim having an inner surface, the second end of said metal sidewall having an outwardly-protruding, flange-shaped annular sealing portion;
• a transparent faceplate hermetically sealed to the inner surface of said annular rim, said faceplate having a surface;
• a stem made of metal, and having a metal flange-shaped, sealing section hermetically sealed to said sealing portion of said metal side wall, said metal sidewall, said faceplate and said stem forming an airtight chamber with the surface of said faceplate being directed inwardly of said airtight chamber, said stem having a plurality of tapered hermetic glasses distributed substantially in a rectangular pattern on said stem, and a plurality of stem leads extending through respective ones of said plurality of hermetic glasses individually;
• a photocathode formed on the surface of said faceplate for producing electrons in response to incident radiation thereon;
• a plurality of dynodes arranged in the longitudinal direction in a predetermined number of stages, and provided within the airtight chamber for multiplying the electrons relayed from said photocathode;
• and
• an anode for receiving multiplied electrons from said electron multiplier assembly and producing an output signal representative of the radiation incident on said photocathode, wherein said plurality of stem leads supply voltages to said photocathode, said plurality of dynodes, and said anode.

A photomultiplier tube comprising:

• a sidewall made entirely of metal having first and second ends in a longitudinal direction;
• a faceplate hermetically sealed to said first end of said sidewall and having a surface;
• a stem made of metal and hermetically sealed to said second end of said sidewall, said sidewall, said faceplate and said stem forming an airtight chamber with said surface of said faceplate being directed inwardly of said airtight chamber, said stem having a plurality of tapered hermetic glasses distributed therein, and a plurality of stem leads extending through respective ones of said plurality of hermetic glasses individually;
• a photocathode formed on said surface of said faceplate which produces electrons in response to incident radiation thereon;
• a device provided within the airtight chamber for multiplying the electrons relayed from said photocathode;
• and
• an anode which receives said multiplied electrons from said device and produces an output signal representative of the radiation incident on said photocathode, wherein said plurality of stem leads supply voltages to said photocathode, said device, and said anode.

A photomultiplier tube comprising:

• a sidewall having first and second ends in a longitudinal direction, the second end of said sidewall including a flange-shaped sealing portion about the entire periphery thereof, said flange-shaped sealing portion having a first surface substantially normal to said longitudinal direction of said sidewall;
• a transparent faceplate hermetically sealed to the first end of said sidewall, said faceplate having a surface;
• a stem including a flange-shaped, airtight sealing section having a second surface facing and in contact with said first surface, said first surface of said sealing portion of said sidewall being hermetically sealed to said second surface of said sealing section of said stem about the entire periphery of said sidewall, said sidewall, said faceplate and said stem forming an airtight chamber with the surface of said faceplate being directed inwardly of said airtight chamber, said stem further comprising a plurality of tapered hermetic glasses distributed therein, and a plurality of stem leads extending through respective ones of said plurality of hermetic glasses individually;
• a photocathode formed or the surface of said faceplate for producing electrons in response to incident radiation thereon;
• a device provided within the airtight chamber which multiplies the electrons relayed from said photocathode;
• and
• an anode for receiving multiplied electrons from said device and producing an output signal representative of the radiation incident on said photocathode;
• said plurality of stem leads supplying voltages to said photocathode, said device and said anode.

A photomultiplier tube comprising:

• a sidewall made entirely of metal having first and second ends in a longitudinal direction, the second end of said sidewall including a flange-shaped sealing portion about the entire periphery thereof, said flange-shaped sealing portion having a first surface substantially normal to said longitudinal direction of said sidewall;
• a faceplate hermetically sealed to said first end of said sidewall and having a surface;
• a stem comprising:
• a plurality of tapered hermetic glasses distributed therein, and a plurality of stem leads extending through respective ones of said plurality of hermetic glasses individually;
• and
• a flange-shaped, airtight sealing section having a second surface facing and in contact with said first surface, a resistance weld hermetically seals said first surface of said sealing portion of said sidewall to said second surface of said sealing section of said stem together about the entire periphery of said sidewall, said sidewall, said faceplate and said stem forming an airtight chamber with the surface of said faceplate being directed inwardly of said airtight chamber, said sealing portion and said sealing section of each extending radially outward beyond said sidewall,
• a photocathode formed on said surface of said faceplate which produces electrons in response to incident radiation thereon;
• a device provided within the airtight chamber for multiplying the electrons relayed from said photocathode;
• and
• an anode which receives said multiplied electrons from said device and produces an output signal representative of the radiation incident on said photocathode, wherein said plurality of stem leads supply voltages to said photocathode said device, and said anode.