Electrochemical sensors

A solid state, multi-use glucose sensor, comprising:

• an electrically nonconductive substrate;
• a working electrode, including an electrically conductive material adhered to a portion of said substrate, a first portion of said conductive material being covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, and a second portion of said conductive material being covered with an active layer comprising a catalytically active quantity of glucose oxidase immobilized onto platinized carbon powder particles, said particles being distributed substantially uniformly throughout said active layer;
• a counter electrode, including a second electrically conductive material adhered to a second portion of said substrate, a portion of said second conductive material being covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, and at least one portion of said second conductive material remaining uncovered by said electrically insulating dielectric coating;
• a reference electrode, including a third electrically conductive material adhered to a third portion of said substrate, a portion of said third conductive material being covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, and at least one portion of said third conductive material remaining uncovered by said electrically insulating dielectric coating;
• an interference correcting electrode, including an electrically conductive material adhered to a portion of said substrate, a first portion of said conductive material being covered with said electrically insulating dielectric coating, and a second portion of said conductive material being covered with an inactive layer comprising an inactive protein immobilized onto platinized carbon powder particles said particles being distributed substantially uniformly throughout said inactive layer;
• and
• a glucose and oxygen-permeable membrane covering said electrodes.

A method for forming a solid state, multi-use electrochemical sensor, comprising:

• selecting an electrically nonconductive substrate;
• depositing an electrically conductive material onto a portion of said substrate;
• depositing an active layer over a portion of said conductive material to form a working electrode, wherein said active layer comprises a catalytically active quantity of an enzyme immobilized onto platinized carbon powder particles, which are distributed substantially uniformly throughout said active layer;
• and
• depositing a second electrically conductive material onto a second portion of said substrate to form a counter electrode;
• depositing a third electrically conductive material onto a portion of said substrate to form a reference electrode;
• and
• depositing a semi-permeable membrane over said electrodes said membrane comprising a mixture of silicone and silica.

A solid state, multi-use electrochemical sensor comprising:

• an electrically nonconductive substrate;
• an electrode, including an electrically conductive material adhered to a portion of said substrate, a first portion of said conductive material being covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, a second portion of said conductive material being covered with an active layer comprising a catalytically active quantity of an enzyme carried by platinized carbon powder particles, said particles being distributed throughout said active layer;
• an electrode, including a second electrically conductive material adhered to a second portion of said substrate, a portion of said second conductive material being covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, and at least one portion of said second conductive material remaining uncovered by said electrically insulating dielectric coating;
• an electrode, including a third electrically conductive material adhered to a portion of said substrate, a first portion of said conductive material being covered with an electrically insulating dielectric coating, and a second portion of said conductive material being covered with an inactive layer comprising an inactive protein immobilized onto platinized carbon powder particles, said particles being distributed throughout said inactive layer;
• and
• a semi-permeable membrane covering said working electrode, said membrane comprising a mixture of silicone and silica.