US 5,490,390 AGranted

Liquefaction of chlorine or other substances

AssigneePPG Industries, Inc.

InventorsJames H. Boyette, Leo C. Comeaux, Angel L. Siso, J. Douglas Mansell, Jonn E. Fike, Jr.

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Abstract

A process for liquifying a substance comprises: (a) transferring latent heat from the substance in the gaseous state to a first heat transfer fluid passing through a first loop wherein the first heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from the substance and is unreactive with the substance; (b) transferring heat from the first heat transfer fluid to a second heat transfer fluid passing through a second loop wherein the second heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from the substance and from the first heat transfer fluid; and (c) transferring heat from the second heat transfer fluid to a third heat transfer fluid wherein the third heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from the substance, from the first heat transfer fluid, and from the second heat transfer fluid. The preferred substance is molecular chlorine.

Claims25

Dependent claims

A process for liquifying a substance comprising:

(a) transferring latent heat from said substance in the gaseous state to a first heat transfer fluid passing through a first loop wherein said first heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said substance;
(b) transferring heat from said first heat transfer fluid to a second heat transfer fluid passing through a second loop wherein said second heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said substance and from said first heat transfer fluid;
and
(c) transferring heat from said second heat transfer fluid to a third heat transfer fluid wherein said third heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said substance, from said first heat transfer fluid, and from said second heat transfer fluid;
wherein said first heat transfer fluid is selected from the group consisting of:
(d) at least one perhalogenated methane represented by the formula CCl.sub.(4-i) F.sub.i where i is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
(e) at least one perhalogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 Cl.sub.(6-j) F.sub.j where j is 3, 4, 5, or 6;
(f) at least one perhalogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 Cl.sub.(8-k) F.sub.k where k is 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;
(g) at least one halogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 HCl.sub.(5-x) F.sub.x where x is 3, 4, or 5;
(h) at least one halogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 HCl.sub.(7-y) F.sub.y where y is 4, 5, 6, or 7;
(i) at least one perfluorinated normal alkane containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms;
(j) at least one perhalogenated cyclobutane represented by the formula C.sub.4 Cl.sub.(8-z) F.sub.z where z is 6, 7, or 8;
(k) perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane;
(l) perfluoro(methyldecalin);
(m) carbon dioxide;
and
(n) a mixture thereof,
and wherein said substance is selected from the group consisting of:
(o) molecular chlorine,
(p) molecular bromine,
(q) hydrogen fluoride,
(r) hydrogen chloride, and
(s) hydrogen bromide.

20 more elements

A process for liquifying molecular chlorine comprising:

(a) transferring latent heat from gaseous molecular chlorine to a first heat transfer fluid passing through a first loop wherein said first heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said molecular chlorine;
(b) transferring heat from said first heat transfer fluid to a second heat transfer fluid passing through a second loop wherein said second heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said molecular chlorine and from said first heat transfer fluid;
and
(c) transferring heat from said second heat transfer fluid to a third heat transfer fluid wherein said third heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said molecular chlorine, from said first heat transfer fluid, and from said second heat transfer fluid;
wherein said first heat transfer fluid is selected from the group consisting of:
(d) at least one perhalogenated methane represented by the formula CCl.sub.(4-i) F.sub.i where i is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
(e) at least one perhalogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 Cl.sub.(6-j) F.sub.j where j is 3, 4, 5, or 6;
(f) at least one perhalogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 Cl.sub.(8-k) F.sub.k where k is 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;
(g) at least one halogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 HCl.sub.(5-x) F.sub.x where x is 3, 4, or 5;
(h) at least one halogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 HCl.sub.(7-y) F.sub.y where y is 4, 5, 6, or 7;
(i) at least one perfluorinated normal alkane containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms;
(j) at least one perhalogenated cyclobutane represented by the formula C.sub.4 Cl.sub.(8-z) F.sub.z where z is 6, 7, or 8;
(k) perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane;
(l) perfluoro(methyldecalin);
and
(m) carbon dioxide;
and
(n) a mixture thereof.

15 more elements

A process for liquifying a substance comprising:

(a) transferring latent heat from said substance in the gaseous state to a first heat transfer fluid passing through a first loop wherein said first heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said substance;
(b) transferring heat from said first heat transfer fluid to a second heat transfer fluid passing through a second loop wherein said second heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said substance and from said first heat transfer fluid;
(c) transferring heat from said second heat transfer fluid to a third heat transfer fluid passing through a third loop wherein said third heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said substance, from said first heat transfer fluid, and from said second heat transfer fluid;
and
(d) transferring heat from said third heat transfer fluid to a fourth heat transfer fluid wherein said fourth heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said substance, from said first heat transfer fluid, from said second heat transfer fluid, and from said third heat transfer fluid;
wherein said first heat transfer fluid is selected from the group consisting of:
(e) at least one perhalogenated methane represented by the formula CCl.sub.(4-i) F.sub.i where i is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
(f) at least one perhalogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 Cl.sub.(6-j) F.sub.j where j is 3, 4, 5, or 6;
(g) at least one perhalogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 Cl.sub.(8-k) F.sub.k where k is 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;
(h) at least one halogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 HCl.sub.(5-x) F.sub.x where x is 3, 4, or 5;
(i) at least one halogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 HCl.sub.(7-y) F.sub.y where y is 4, 5, 6, or 7;
(j) at least one perfluorinated normal alkane containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms;
(k) at least one perhalogenated cyclobutane represented by the formula C.sub.4 Cl.sub.(8-z) F.sub.z where z is 6, 7, or 8;
(l) perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane;
(m) perfluoro(methyldecalin);
(n) carbon dioxide;
and
(o) a mixture thereof,
and wherein said substance is selected from the group consisting of:
(p) molecular chlorine,
(q) molecular bromine,
(r) hydrogen fluoride,
(s) hydrogen chloride, and
(t) hydrogen bromide.

21 more elements

A process for liquifying molecular chlorine comprising:

(a) transferring latent heat from gaseous molecular chlorine to a first heat transfer fluid passing through a first loop wherein said first heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said molecular chlorine;
(b) transferring heat from said first heat transfer fluid to a second heat transfer fluid passing through a second loop wherein said second heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said molecular chlorine and from said first heat transfer fluid;
(c) transferring heat from said second heat transfer fluid to a third heat transfer fluid passing through a third loop wherein said third heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said molecular chlorine, from said first heat transfer fluid, and from said second heat transfer fluid;
and
(d) transferring heat from said third heat transfer fluid to a fourth heat transfer fluid wherein said fourth heat transfer fluid is substantially isolated from said molecular chlorine, from said first heat transfer fluid, from said second heat transfer fluid, and from said third heat transfer fluid;
wherein said first heat transfer fluid is selected from the group consisting of:
(e) at least one perhalogenated methane represented by the formula CCl.sub.(4-i) F.sub.i where i is 1, 2, 3, or 4;
(f) at least one perhalogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 Cl.sub.(6-j) F.sub.j where j is 3, 4, 5, or 6;
(g) at least one perhalogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 Cl.sub.(8-k) F.sub.k where k is 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8;
(h) at least one halogenated ethane represented by the formula C.sub.2 HCl.sub.(5-x) F.sub.x where x is 3, 4, or 5;
(i) at least one halogenated propane represented by the formula C.sub.3 HCl.sub.(7-y) F.sub.y where y is 4, 5, 6, or 7;
(j) at least one perfluorinated normal alkane containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms;
(k) at least one perhalogenated cyclobutane represented by the formula C.sub.4 Cl.sub.(8-z) F.sub.z where z is 6, 7, or 8;
(l) perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane;
(m) perfluoro(methyldecalin);
(n) carbon dioxide;
and
(o) a mixture thereof.

15 more elements

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.