Biodegradable azo dyes
AssigneeIdaho Research Foundation, Inc.
InventorsAndrzej Paszczynski, Stefan Goszczynski, Ronald L. Crawford, Donald L. Crawford, Maria B. Pasti
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A biodegradable azo dye contains a nitrogen atom linked to an aromatic ring having a lignin-like substitution pattern. The ring is preferably a syringyl or guaiacol moiety, and provides a naturally-occurring structure for attack by microorganisms, such as Streptomyces or Phanerochaete. In especially preferred embodiments, the aromatic ring has a first substituent R.sub.1 selected from among hydroxy, lower alkoxy, or amino, and a second substituent R.sub.2 selected from among lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and halogen. Some embodiments include a third ring substituent R.sub.3 selected from the group lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, and halogen.
Claims16
A biodegradable composition comprising:
- an azo dye having first and second nitrogen atoms linked to first and second aromatic rings, the first ring having a first substituent R.sub.1 selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy and amino, and a second constituent R.sub.2 selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl and halogen;
- an amount of lignin peroxidase effective to degrade said dye, wherein lignin peroxidase is converted to lignin peroxidase II as the dye is degraded;
- and
- at least about 20 micromoles of veratryl alcohol, which amount is effective to recycle lignin peroxidase II to lignin peroxidase.
A method of degrading xenobiotic azo dyes having first and second nitrogen atoms linked to first and second aromatic rings, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing a first aromatic ring, wherein a first aromatic ring has a first substituent R.sub.1 selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy and amino, and a second substituent R.sub.2 selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl and halogen;
- and
- exposing the mixture to an amount of lignin peroxidase effective to degrade the azo dye, wherein lignin peroxidase is converted to lignin peroxidase II as the dye is degraded.
A biodegradable composition comprising:
- an azo dye having first and second nitrogen atoms linked to first and second aromatic rings, the first ring having a first substituent R.sub.1 selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy and amino, and a second substituent R.sub.2 selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, methoxy, ethyl, ethoxy, propyl, propoxy, butyl, butoxy and halogen;
- an amount of lignin peroxidase effective to degrade said dye, wherein lignin peroxidase is converted to lignin peroxidase II as the dye is degraded;
- and
- at least about 20 micromoles of veratryl alcohol, which amount is effective to recycle lignin peroxidase II to lignin peroxidase.
A biodegradable composition comprising:
- an azo dye having at least one azo group that includes first and second nitrogen atoms linked to first and second aromatic rings, the first aromatic ring having a first substituent R.sub.1 selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and lower alkoxy, a second substituent R.sub.2 selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and fluorine, and a lower alkoxy substituent R.sub.3 ;
- an amount of lignin peroxidase effective to degrade said dye, wherein lignin peroxidase is converted to lignin peroxidase II as the dye is degraded;
- and
- at least about 20 micromoles of veratryl alcohol, which amount is effective to recycle lignin peroxidase II to lignin peroxidase.
A method of degrading xenobiotic azo dyes having at least one azo group that includes first and second nitrogen atoms linked to first and second aromatic rings, the method comprising the steps of:
- providing an azo dye having at least one azo group that includes first and second nitrogen atoms linked to first and second aromatic rings, the first aromatic ring having a first substituent R.sub.1 selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and lower alkoxy, a second substituent R.sub.2 selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and fluorine, and a lower alkoxy substituent R.sub.3 ;
- and
- exposing the mixture to an amount of lignin peroxidase effective to degrade the azo dye, wherein lignin peroxidase is converted to lignin peroxidase II as the dye is degraded.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.