# US 5,481,636 A · Wavelength conversion element > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,481,636 A - Document ID: US5481636A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/230,243 - Filed: 1994-04-20 - Granted: 1996-01-02 - Earliest claimed: 1991-05-02 - Assignees: Ricoh Company, Ltd. - Inventors: Hiroaki Fukuda; Hiroyoshi Funato; Shigeyoshi Misawa - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5481636A ## CPC - G02F 1/3775: {with a periodic structure, e.g. domain inversion, for quasi-phase-matching [QPM] (G02F1/383 takes precedence)} - G02B 2006/12045: {Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3)} - G02B 2006/12142: {Modulator} - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS ## Abstract A wavelength conversion element includes a substrate made of LiTaO.sub.3 of non-linear medium, a three-dimensional waveguide formed in the substrate and a second harmonic generation portion for defining a change in refractive index in the waveguide with a period .LAMBDA. and generating a second harmonic of a fundamental wave introduced into the wave guide, where .LAMBDA.=2 m.pi./{.beta.(2.omega.)-2.beta.(.omega.)}, m is a natural number, .omega. is a frequency of fundamental harmonic, .beta.(.omega.) is a propagation constant of the fundamental wave, and .beta.(2.omega.) is a propagation constant of second harmonic. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A wavelength conversion element comprising: a substrate of non-linear optical medium; a three-dimensional waveguide formed in the substrate and having a y-shape divided into two branches at an output side thereof; a potential difference application means formed in a branch portion of the waveguide on the substrate for selecting a branch of the waveguide by changing a phase of a fundamental wave guided through the waveguide before a branch point; and a shorter wavelength harmonic generation means formed in the waveguide for generating a shorter wavelength harmonic from the fundamental wave introduced into the waveguide. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 1, wherein the shorter wavelength harmonic generation means is a polarization inversion region formed in the three-dimensional waveguide with a period .LAMBDA. in a guiding direction of the waveguide, where .LAMBDA.=2(2m-1).pi./(.beta.(2.omega.)-2.beta.(.omega.)), m is a natural number, .beta.(.omega.) is a propagation constant of guided mode light for the fundamental wave, .beta.(2.omega.) is a propagation constant of guided mode light for the shorter wavelength harmonic. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the shorter wavelength harmonic generation means by the polarization inversion region is formed on one of the branched waveguides divided into two branches on the three-dimensional waveguide. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 2, wherein a z directional polarization with a direction of an electric field parallel to a z axis or an x directional polarization with a direction of an electric field parallel to an x axis is used as the fundamental wave and a z directional polarization with a direction of an electric field parallel to the z axis as the shorter wavelength harmonic in a case where the substrate is a -c plate LiTaO.sub.3 with the three-dimensional waveguide formed therein by diffusion, the propagation direction of light is taken as a y axis, a -c axis is taken as the z axis perpendicular to the y axis. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 2, wherein a z directional polarization with a direction of an electric field parallel to a z axis or an x directional polarization with a direction of an electric field parallel to an x axis is used as the fundamental wave and a z directional polarization with a direction of an electric field parallel to the z axis as the shorter wavelength harmonic in a case where the substrate is a c plate LiNbO.sub.3 with the three-dimensional waveguide formed therein by diffusion, the propagation direction of light is taken as a y axis, a c axis is the z axis perpendicular to the y axis. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is a c plate LiNbO.sub.3 with the three-dimensional waveguide formed therein by diffusion, a x directional propagation with a direction of an electric field parallel to a x axis is used as the fundamental wave, a z directional polarization with a direction of an electric field parallel to a z axis is used as the shorter wavelength harmonic, and a phase matching is effected by birefringence of the substrate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 6, wherein a metal cladding is formed on a surface of one branched waveguide, which outputs no modulated shorter wavelength harmonic, out of branched waveguides divided into two branches on the three-dimensional waveguide. ### Claim 8 (depends on 2) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is LiNbO.sub.3 or LiTaO.sub.3 crystal with the three-dimensional waveguide formed therein by proton exchange, the shorter wavelength harmonic is generated by Cherenkov radiation. ### Claim 9 A wavelength conversion element comprising: a substrate of non-linear optical medium; a plurality of three-dimensional waveguides formed in the substrate and having an optical coupling portion adapted to cause an optical coupling between the plurality of waveguides; a potential difference application means formed in the optical coupling portion on the substrate to apply a potential difference for causing the optical coupling between the plurality of waveguides; and a shorter wavelength harmonic generation means formed in one of the plurality of waveguides for generating a shorter wavelength harmonic from a fundamental wave guided through said one of the plurality of waveguides. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of waveguides are formed of non-linear optical medium of LiTaO.sub.3. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 9, wherein the shorter wavelength harmonic generation means is constructed by a phase matching means for matching phases of the fundamental wave and the shorter wavelength harmonic generated therefrom. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 9, wherein the plural waveguides are formed of non-linear optical medium of LiNbO.sub.3 or LiNbO.sub.3 doped with MgO. ### Claim 13 (depends on 9) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 9, wherein said wavelength conversion element further comprises a shorter wavelength harmonic annihilation means constructed by a cladding metal layer formed on said one of the plurality of waveguides to absorb the shorter wavelength harmonic generated from the fundamental wave. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) A wavelength conversion element according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of waveguides are proton exchange waveguides.