An X-ray apparatus comprising an X-ray source for generating an X-ray diffraction beam and a motion system for moving a sample supported by said system, said system comprising a surface for supporting said sample, a radiation source producing a beam of radiation, x-y translation stages and a rotation stage, said stages being located beneath said surface, said surface being pivotally supported by three legs that are spaced apart from one another, with means for moving said legs relative to one another thereby moving said surface, said means for moving being mounted on one of said x-y translation stages and said rotation stage, said rotation stage being capable of rotating about a .theta. axis of rotation, said x-y translation stages being mounted to move said surface in an x-y direction relative to said .theta. axis, with control means to orient said surface using said means for moving and said stages to maintain a point on said sample at which measurements are taken at an intercept of the X-ray beam with said sample when said sample is contacted by said beam, with eucentric motion occurring about said point by moving only said surface and at least one of said legs.