Micromachined electromagnetic switch with fixed on and off positions using three magnets

An electromagnetic switch, comprising:

• a container comprising a substrate and a lid;
• a dielectric layer disposed on said substrate;
• a lower soft magnet embedded within said dielectric layer;
• an actuator coil embedded within said dielectric layer and situated about said lower soft magnet;
• a lower conductor disposed on said dielectric layer;
• an upper conductor situated above and separated from said lower conductor by an air gap;
• a permanent magnet disposed on said upper conductor and situated above said lower conductor;
• and
• an upper soft magnet attached to said lid and situated above said permanent magnet;
• the switch being toggled between fixed open and closed positions through application of current to said actuator coil for affecting magnetization of said upper and lower soft magnets, the switch remaining in one of said positions upon removal of said current, the switch toggling to the other of said positions upon application of current to said actuator coil in an opposite direction.