Apparatus and method for measuring concentrations of components using pulsed light of different wavelengths and performing a time resolved measurement

A method for measuring concentrations of components which comprises the steps of:

• (i) generating pulse light of a selected wavelength from a light irradiator and causing a photodetector to perform a time resolved measurement of the quantity of received light I.sub.R from an object which serves as a reference and is subject to changes with lapse of time t;
• (ii) projecting pulse light of the selected wavelength from the light irradiator toward the object and causing the photodetector to perform a time resolved measurement of the quantity of transmitted light I.sub.t from the object which is subject to changes with lapse of time t;
• (iii) with respect to the measured quantity of received light I.sub.R (L) and measured quantity of transmitted light I.sub.t (L) which are subject to changes with an optical path length L corresponding to lapse of time t, selecting a reference quantity of received light I.sub.R (L.sub.o) and a reference quantity of transmitted light I.sub.t (L.sub.o) at a reference optical path length L.sub.o corresponding to a certain reference lapse of time t.sub.o ;
• (iv) calculating value .gamma..sub.o for .gamma. at reference optical path length L.sub.o from equation I.sub.t (L)=I.sub.R (L)t.gamma. (where, t:
• transmittance of light relative to the object);
• (v) calculating optical path length ratio k.sub.p corresponding to an optical path length L.sub.p which gives a maximum sensitivity for quantity-of-light measurement, from an equation k=-1/log.sub.10 .gamma..sub.o which expresses the relationship between optical path length ratio k=L/L.sub.o and .gamma..sub.o at reference optical path length L.sub.o ;
• (vi) calculating an optimum lapse of time t.sub.p corresponding to the optimum optical path length L.sub.p from equation L=Ct which expresses the relationship between optical path length L and lapse of time t;
• (vii) calculating the quantity of transmitted light I.sub.tp (t.sub.p) from the object for a certain wavelength .lambda. at optimum lapse of time t.sub.p ;
• (viii) calculating, on the basis of the quantity of received light I.sub.RP and quantity of transmitted light I.sub.tp at the optimum lapse of time and from equation A=log.sub.10 (I.sub.R /I.sub.t) for absorbance A, an absorbance A.sub.p corresponding to I.sub.RP and I.sub.tp ;
• and
• (ix) repeating the foregoing steps for plural wavelengths, whereby on the basis of respective calculated absorbances are carried out multivariate analyses to calculate the concentrations of the components in the object, the calculated results being then output.

A method for measuring concentrations of components which comprises the steps of:

• (i) generating pulse light of a selected wavelength from a light irradiator and causing a photodetector to perform a time resolved measurement of the quantity of received light I.sub.R from an object which serves as a reference and is subject to changes with lapse of time t;
• (ii) projecting pulse light of the selected wavelength from the light irradiator toward the object and causing the photodetector to perform a time resolved measurement of the quantity of reflected light I.sub.r from the object which is subject to changes with lapse of time t;
• (iii) with respect to the measured quantity of received light I.sub.R (L) and measured quantity of reflected light I.sub.r (L) which are subject to changes with an optical path length L corresponding to lapse of time t, selecting a reference quantity of received light I.sub.R (L.sub.o) and a reference quantity of reflected light I.sub.r (L.sub.o) at a reference optical path length L.sub.o corresponding to a certain reference lapse of time t.sub.o ;
• (iv) calculating value .gamma..sub.o for .gamma. at reference optical path length L.sub.o from equation I.sub.t (L)=I.sub.R (L)t.gamma. (where, t:
• transmittance of light relative to the object);
• (v) calculating optical path length ratio k.sub.p corresponding to an optical path length L.sub.p which gives a maximum sensitivity for quantity-of-light measurement, from an equation k=-1/log.sub.10 .gamma..sub.o which expresses the relationship between optical path length ratio k=L/L.sub.o and .gamma..sub.o at reference optical path length L.sub.o ;
• (vi) calculating an optimum lapse of time t.sub.p corresponding to the optimum optical path length L.sub.p from equation L=Ct which expresses the relationship between optical path length L and lapse of time t;
• (vii) calculating the quantity of reflected light I.sub.rp (t.sub.p) from the object for a certain wavelength .lambda. at optimum lapse of time t.sub.p ;
• (viii) calculating, on the basis of the quantity of received light I.sub.RP and quantity of reflected light I.sub.rp at the optimum lapse of time and from equation A=log.sub.10 (I.sub.R /I.sub.r) for absorbance A, an absorbance A.sub.p corresponding to I.sub.RP and I.sub.rp ;
• and
• (ix) repeating the foregoing steps for plural wavelengths, whereby on the basis of respective calculated absorbances are carried out multivariate analyses to calculate the concentrations of the components in the object, the calculated results being then output.

A method for measuring concentrations of components which comprises the steps of:

• (i) generating pulse light of a selected wavelength from a light irradiator and causing a photodetector to perform a time resolved measurement of the quantity of received light I.sub.R from an object which serves as a reference and is subject to changes with lapse of time t;
• (ii) projecting pulse light of the selected wavelength from the light irradiator toward the object and causing the photodetector to perform a time resolved measurement of the quantity of transmitted light I.sub.t and quantity of reflected light I.sub.r from the object which are subject to changes with lapse of time t;
• (iii) with respect to the measured quantity of received light I.sub.R (L), measured quantity of transmitted light I.sub.t (L) and measured quantity of reflected light I.sub.r (L) which are subject to changes with an optical path length L corresponding to lapse of time t, selecting a reference quantity of received light I.sub.R (L.sub.o), a reference quantity of transmitted light I.sub.t (L.sub.o), and a reference quantity of reflected light I.sub.r (L.sub.o) at a reference optical path length L.sub.o corresponding to a certain reference lapse of time t.sub.o ;
• (iv) calculating value .gamma..sub.o for .gamma. at reference optical path length L.sub.o from equation I.sub.t (L)=I.sub.R (L)t.gamma. (where, t:
• transmittance of light relative to the object);
• (v) calculating optical path length ratio k.sub.p corresponding to an optical path length L.sub.p which gives a maximum sensitivity for quantity-of-light measurement, from an equation k=-1/log.sub.10 .gamma..sub.o which expresses the relationship between optical path length ratio k=L/L.sub.o and .gamma..sub.o at reference optical path length L.sub.o ;
• (vi) calculating an optimum lapse of time t.sub.p corresponding to the optimum optical path length L.sub.p from equation L=Ct which expresses the relationship between optical path length L and lapse of time t;
• (vii) calculating the quantity of transmitted light I.sub.tp (t.sub.p) and quantity of reflected light I.sub.rp (t.sub.p) from the object for a certain wavelength .lambda. at optimum lapse of time t.sub.p ;
• (viii) calculating, on the basis of the quantity of received light I.sub.RP, quantity of transmitted light I.sub.tp, and quantity of reflected light I.sub.rp at the optimum lapse of time and from equation A=log.sub.10 (I.sub.R /I.sub.r) for absorbance A, an absorbance A.sub.p corresponding to I.sub.RP, I.sub.tp and I.sub.rp ;
• and
• (ix) repeating the foregoing steps for plural wavelengths, whereby on the basis of respective calculated absorbances are carried out multivariate analyses to calculate the concentrations of the components in the object, the calculated results being then output.