Projection display system including a collimating tapered waveguide or lens with the normal to optical axis angle increasing toward the lens center

A lighting device comprising:

• a light source;
• a reflecting means for reflecting light emitted by the light source in a determined direction;
• and
• a compensating means for receiving the light reflected from the reflecting means and allowing the light to be output in the form of parallel rays,
• wherein the compensating means is a compensating lens, the compensating lens having a shape of a lens face in which an angle between the normal of the lens face and a line parallel to the optical axis of the compensating lens is nearly zero at each point in the peripheral portion of the lens face of the compensating lens, and the angle becomes larger toward the center thereof.

A projection type image display system comprising a lighting device and a display element for forming an image by receiving light from the lighting device, the lighting device comprising:

• a light source;
• a reflecting means for reflecting light emitted by the light source in a determined direction;
• and
• a compensating means for receiving the light reflected from the reflecting means and allowing the light to be output in the form of parallel rays,
• wherein the compensating means is a tapered fiber to which the light is directed, one end face of the tapered fiber nearer to the light source being smaller than the other end face thereof.

A projection type image display system comprising a lighting device and a display element for forming an image by receiving light from the lighting device, the lighting device comprising:

• a light source;
• a reflecting means for reflecting light emitted by the light source in a determined direction;
• and
• a compensating means for receiving the light reflected from the reflecting means and allowing the light to be output in the form of parallel rays,
• wherein the compensating means is a compensating lens, the compensating lens having a shape of a lens face in which an angle between the normal of the lens face and a line parallel to the optical axis of the compensating lens is nearly zero at each point in the peripheral portion of the lens face of the compensating lens, and the angle becomes larger toward the center thereof.

A projection type image display system comprising a lighting device and a display element for forming an image by receiving light from the lighting device, wherein the lighting device comprises:

• a light source;
• a reflecting means for reflecting light emitted by the light source in a determined direction;
• and
• a compensating means for receiving the light reflected from the reflecting means and providing an output light in the form of parallel rays,
• wherein the compensating means is a parallel ray selecting means for selectively allowing parallel rays to be output therefrom, the selecting means comprising:
• a plurality of optical paths, each of the optical paths being in parallel with each other;
• and
• a light absorbing means for absorbing unparallel rays so as to remove unparallel rays from the output light, the light absorbing means formed around each of the optical paths,
• wherein the projection type image display system further comprises a compensating lens disposed between the parallel ray selecting means and the light source, the compensating lens having a shape of a lens face in which at each point on the lens face, an angle .theta..sub.s between the normal of the lens face and a line parallel to the optical axis of the compensating lens is determined so as to satisfy the following equation:
• ##EQU10## where .alpha. represents an angle between an incident light and the optical axis, n.sub.3 represents the refractive index of an external medium around the lens face, and n.sub.4 represents the refractive index of the compensating lens, thereby the compensating lens having no focal point.