High resolution ultrasonic imaging apparatus and method

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner rigidly supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same over the area of an image plane;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam in a direction always substantially perpendicular to said image plane;
• c) motor means having an output shaft for providing oscillatory output motion;
• d) means for coupling said output shaft to said transducer means so that in response to oscillation of said shaft said output ultrasonic beam is directed in an arcuate path along said surface in a direction substantially parallel to said image plane;
• and
• e) motive means for moving said transducer means in a manner such that said output ultrasonic beam is directed in a linear path along said surface in a direction substantially parallel to said image plane and in a radial direction relative to said arcuate path.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for positioning said transducer means closely adjacent said supporting means in a manner directing said ultrasonic beam on said surface and so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system, said positioning means comprising first means for moving said transducer means to direct said beam along said surface in a first direction and second means for moving said transducer means to direct said beam along said surface in a second direction, said first means comprising motor means for oscillating said transducer means in an arcuate path along said surface;
• d) means for providing a liquid-filled region between said transducer means and said surface;
• and
• e) means for providing a rotational and oscillatory flexible liquid impervious seal between said motor means and said means providing said liquid-filled region.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) motor means having an output shaft for providing oscillatory output motion;
• d) means for coupling said output shaft to said transducer means so that in response to oscillation of said shaft said output ultrasonic beam is directed in an arcuate path along said surface;
• e) means for moving said transducer means in a manner such that said output ultrasonic beam is directed in a linear path along said surface and in a radial direction relative to said arcuate path;
• f) means for providing a liquid-filled region between said transducer means and said surface;
• and
• g) means for providing a rotational and oscillatory flexible liquid impervious seal between said output shaft of said motor means and said means providing said liquid-filled region in a manner causing minimal drag on said motor means.

A method for ultrasonic imaging of human or animal tissue having a surface comprising the steps of:

• a) defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) providing an ultrasonic energy beam;
• c) directing said ultrasonic beam in an arcuate path along said surface;
• d) directing said ultrasonic beam in a linear path along said surface and in a radial direction relative to said arcuate path;
• e) linearizing the scanned image resulting from said step of directing said ultrasonic beam in an arcuate path;
• and
• f) said step of linearizing comprising storing the data as scanned wherein each row of stored data points represents an arc of the image and calculating the new position for each pixel in the image band on the dimensions of the scanned arc.

A method for ultrasonic imaging of human or animal tissue having a surface comprising the steps of:

• a) defining said surface in a manner rigidly supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same over the area of an image plane;
• b) providing an ultrasonic energy beam in a direction always substantially perpendicular to said image plane;
• c) directing said ultrasonic beam in an arcuate path along said surface in a Direction substantially parallel to said image plane;
• d) directing said ultrasonic beam in a linear path along said surface in a direction substantially parallel to said image plane and in a radial direction relative to said arcuate path;
• and
• e) providing timing for the date points resulting from scanning the surface along said arcuate path.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for supporting said transducer means;
• d) means for storing mechanical energy;
• e) motive means operatively coupled to said supporting means and to said energy storing means for transferring stored energy to said supporting means in a controlled manner to move said supporting means and with it said transducer means along a linear path;
• and
• f) motion conversion means drivenly coupled to said motive means and drivingly coupled to said transducer means for moving said transducer means along a path cross-wise relative to said linear path in response to operation of said motive means.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for supporting said transducer means;
• d) means for storing mechanical energy;
• e) motive means operatively coupled to said supporting means and to said energy storing means for transferring stored energy to said supporting means in a controlled manner to move said supporting means and with it said transducer means along a linear path;
• f) motion conversion means drivenly coupled to said motive means and drivingly coupled to said transducer means for moving said transducer means along a path cross-wise relative to said linear path in response to operation of said motive means;
• g) said means for storing mechanical energy comprising spring means and tensioning means operatively coupled to said spring means for extending said spring means to store energy therein;
• and
• h) said motive means comprising damper means operatively associated with said spring means for controlling the release of energy stored in said spring means and force conversion means for converting the release of stored energy in said spring means to linear motion of said supporting means.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for supporting said transducer means;
• d) means for storing mechanical energy;
• e) motive means operatively coupled to said supporting means and to said energy storing means for transferring stored energy to said supporting means in a controlled manner to move said supporting means and with it said transducer means along a linear path;
• f) motion conversion means drivenly coupled to said motive means and drivingly coupled to said transducer means for moving said transducer means along a path cross-wise relative to said linear path in response to operation of said motive means;
• g) said motion conversion means comprising rack means fixed in relation to said supporting means and pinion means carried by said supporting means so that upon linear movement of said supporting means said pinion is rotated.

A biometric verification system comprising:

• a) an ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue and providing output signals representing a scanned biometric image;
• b) a record member having storage means containing a recorded biometric image;
• c) processor means having a first input for receiving output signals from said ultrasonic imaging system and a second input for receiving a signal representation of said recorded image to determine if a match exists between said scanned and recorded images;
• and
• d) means for providing a wireless communication link between said processor means and said ultrasonic imaging system and said record member.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• c) arranging said transducer elements in a linear array for scanning said surface in a first direction;
• d) moving said array of transducer elements in a second direction substantially perpendicular to said first direction;
• e) energizing said transducer elements;
• f) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface;
• g) imposing a spherical time delay curvature across the array during energizing of the transducer elements so that the ultrasonic beams can be converged and focused.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• c) arranging said transducer elements in a linear array for scanning said surface in first direction;
• d) moving said array of transducer elements in a second direction substantially perpendicular to said first direction;
• e) energizing said transducer elements;
• f) differentially delaying the energizing of said transducer elements in an appropriate fashion across the array;
• g) imposing a spherical time delay curvature across the array during energizing of the transducer elements;
• h) so that the ultrasonic beams from said transducer elements are swept and focused during scanning of the surface;
• and
• i) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) arranging said array of transducer elements in a two dimensional array extending over the area of the surface to be scanned;
• c) supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• d) energizing said transducer elements;
• e) imposing a spherical time delay curvature across the array during energizing of the transducer elements so that the ultrasonic beams can be converged and focused;
• and
• i) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) arranging said array of transducer elements in a two dimensional array extending over the area of the surface to be scanned;
• c) supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• d) energizing said transducer elements;
• e) differentially delaying the energizing of said transducer elements in an appropriate fashion across the array;
• f) imposing a spherical time delay curvature across the array during energizing of the transducer elements;
• g) so that the ultrasonic beams from said transducer elements are swept and focused during scanning of the surface;
• and
• h) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• c) said step of supporting said human or animal tissue comprising rolling the finger of a subject on a flat platen from side-to-side so that the finger is scanned from one edge of the fingernail to the other edge of the fingernail;
• d) energizing said transducer elements;
• and
• e) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• c) energizing said transducer elements;
• d) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface;
• and
• e) said step of supporting said human or animal tissue comprising placing the finger of a subject in a curved platen wherein said array of transducer elements is arranged in one direction along the curvature of the platen and moved in another direction along the longitudinal axis of the platen so that the finger is scanned from one edge of the fingernail to the other edge of the fingernail.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• c) energizing said transducer elements;
• d) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface;
• and
• e) said step of supporting said human or animal tissue comprising placing the finger of a subject in a curved platen wherein said array of transducer elements is arranged in two dimensions over the surface of the platen so that the finger is scanned from one edge of the fingernail to the other edge of the fingernail.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner rigidly supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for providing a liquid-filled region between said transducer means and said surface;
• and
• d) means for positioning said transducer means in said liquid-filed region and closely adjacent said supporting means in a manner directing said ultrasonic beam on said surface and so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for positioning said transducer means closely adjacent said supporting means in a manner directing said ultrasonic beam on said surface and so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system;
• d) said means for defining said surface comprising platen means in the form of a body of material having an acoustic impedance substantially matching the acoustic impedance of the tissue being imaged and having sufficient mechanical strength to support the tissue without deflection or deformation, said body being provided with a coating thereon of material on the surface of the body which contacts the tissue which improves mechanical coupling of said body to the tissue being imaged while maintaining the matching of acoustic impedance.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for positioning said transducer means closely adjacent said supporting means in a manner directing said ultrasonic beam on said surface and so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system;
• d) said positioning means including motor means having an output shaft for providing oscillatory motion to move said transducer means for scanning said surface;
• e) means for providing a liquid-filled region between said transducer means and said surface;
• and
• f) means for providing an rotary oscillatory flexible liquid impervious seal between said output shaft of said motor means and said means providing said liquid-filled region in a manner causing minimal drag on said motor means.

A method for ultrasonic imaging of human or animal tissue having a surface comprising the steps of:

• a) utilizing an ultrasonic beam to perform an ultrasonic scan in three dimensions over a fixed area of the surface to provide a return signal;
• and
• b) applying a high resolution range gate to said return signal to allow propagation of only that portion of the return signal from the immediate underside of the epidermis of the tissue;
• c) so that an image is generated in a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the ultrasonic beam.

A method for ultrasonic imaging of human or animal tissue having a surface comprising the steps of:

• a) utilizing an ultrasonic beam to perform an ultrasonic scan in three dimensions over a fixed area of the surface to provide a return signal;
• and
• b) applying a high resolution range gate to said return signal to allow propagation of only that portion of the return signal from a predetermined location beneath the surface of the tissue;
• c) so that an image is generated in a plane substantially perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the ultrasonic beam.

A method for ultrasonic imaging of human or animal tissue having a surface comprising the steps of:

• a) defining said surface in a manner rigidly supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same over the area of an image plane;
• b) providing an ultrasonic energy beam in a direction always substantially perpendicular to said image plane;
• c) directing said ultrasonic beam in an arcuate path along said surface in a direction substantially parallel to said image plane;
• and
• d) directing said ultrasonic beam in a linear path along said surface in a direction substantially parallel to said image plane and in a radial direction relative to said arcuate path.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam for scanning the finger of a subject, said probe comprising:

• a) curved supporting means for rigidly supporting the finger for scanning from one edge of the fingernail to the other edge thereof, said supporting means having a longitudinal axis and supporting the finger with said longitudinal axis being substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the finger;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam, said transducer means comprising a plurality of transducers in spaced-apart relation in a direction along the longitudinal axis of said supporting means;
• c) means for moving said transducer means along a first path substantially radially about said longitudinal axis of said supporting means so that said ultrasonic beam is directed along a path from one edge of the fingernail to the other;
• and
• d) means for moving said transducer means along a second path substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said supporting means so that said ultrasonic beam is directed along a path substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the finger.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an ultrasonic beam to scan human or animal tissue having a surface, said probe comprising:

• a) means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same;
• b) a plurality of transducer means, each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for supporting said transducer means in spaced relation along a transducer path;
• d) first motive means operatively connected to said supporting means for moving said transducer means along a first scanning path along said surface so that said transducer path is in registry with said first scanning path and each of the ultrasonic beams from said plurality of transducer means is directed along a portion of said first scanning path in a manner such that the sum of the portions scanned equals the total length of said scanning path;
• and
• e) second motive means for moving said plurality of transducer means along a second scanning path along said surface.

A biometric identification system comprising:

• a) an ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface and comprising probe means including means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same, transducer means positioned closely adjacent said supporting means for providing an output ultrasonic beam directed on said surface so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system and motive means for moving said transducer means in two directions so as to provide a two dimensional scan of said surface by said ultrasonic beam, said imaging system further comprising scan controller means operatively connected to said probe means for controlling said motive means to provide said scan of said surface and signal processor means operatively connected to said probe means for receiving signals produced in response to said scan of said surface and for processing said signals to provide an output;
• b) means for storing a database of previously stored images;
• and
• c) system processor means having inputs coupled to said database storage means and to the output of said processor means for comparing a scanned image from said ultrasonic imaging system to the previously stored images in said database storage means to determine if a match exists.

A probe for an ultrasonic imaging system for providing an output ultrasonic beam for scanning the finger of a subject, said probe comprising:

• a) curved supporting means for rigidly supporting the finger for scanning from one edge of the fingernail to the other edge thereof, said supporting means having a longitudinal axis and supporting the finger with said longitudinal axis being substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the finger;
• b) transducer means for providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• c) means for moving said transducer means along a first path substantially radially about said longitudinal axis of said supporting means so that said ultrasonic beam is directed along a path from one edge of the fingernail to the other;
• and
• d) means for moving said transducer means linearly along a second path substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said supporting means so that said ultrasonic beam is directed along a path substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the finger.

An ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) transducer means comprising a plurality of transducer elements each providing an output ultrasonic beam, said transducer elements being arranged in an array;
• b) means for rigidly supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducer elements;
• and
• c) means for energizing said transducer elements and for receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface.

An ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) transducer means comprising a plurality of transducer elements each providing an output ultrasonic beam, said transducer elements being arranged in an array;
• b) means for rigidly supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducer elements;
• and
• c) means for energizing said transducer elements and for receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface, said means for energizing and receiving comprising pulser/receiver means operatively connected to each of said transducer elements for energizing said transducer elements and for receiving return echo signals and multiplexer means operatively connected to said pulser/receiver means for reading signals received from each of said pulser/receiver means.

An ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) transducer means comprising a plurality of transducer elements each providing an output ultrasonic beam, said transducer elements being arranged in a two dimensional array extending over the area of the surface to be scanned;
• b) means for supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducer elements;
• and
• c) means for energizing said transducer elements and for receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface, said means for energizing and receiving comprising a plurality of pulser/receiver means, one for each of said transducer elements, operatively connected to corresponding ones of said transducer elements, each of said pulser/receiver means energizing a corresponding one of said transducer elements and receiving return echo signals, and a plurality of programmable delay lines, one for each of said transducer elements, operatively connected to corresponding ones of said pulser/receiver means, said delay lines differentially delaying the energization of said transducer elements in a manner providing sweeping and steering of the ultrasonic beams from said transducer elements.

An ultrasonic imaging method for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface comprising:

• a) providing a plurality of ultrasonic transducer elements arranged in an array and each providing an output ultrasonic beam;
• b) rigidly supporting said human or animal tissue so that the surface thereof can be scanned by the ultrasonic beams from said array of transducers;
• and
• c) energizing said transducer elements;
• and
• d) receiving signals produced in response to scanning of the surface.

A biometric identification system comprising:

• a) an ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface and comprising probe means including means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same, transducer means positioned closely adjacent said supporting means for providing an output ultrasonic beam directed on said surface so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system, said imaging system further comprising control means operatively connected to said probe means for controlling scanning of said surface by said transducer means and signal processor means operatively connected to said probe means for receiving signals produced in response to said scanning of said surface and for processing said signals to provide an output;
• b) means for storing a database of previously stored images;
• and
• c) system processor means having inputs coupled to said database storage means and to the output of said processor means for comparing a scanned image from said ultrasonic imaging system to the previously stored images in said database storage means to determine if a match exists.

A biometric identification system comprising:

• a) a first ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface and comprising probe means including means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same, transducer means positioned closely adjacent said supporting means for providing an output ultrasonic beam directed on said surface so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system, said imaging system further comprising control means operatively connected to said probe means for controlling scanning of said surface by said transducer means and signal processor means operatively connected to said probe means for receiving signals produced in response to said scanning of said surface and for processing said signals to provide an output;
• b) first means for storing a database of previously stored images;
• c) first system processor means having inputs coupled to said database storage means and to the output of said processor means for comparing a scanned image from said ultrasonic imaging system to the previously stored images in said database storage means to determine if a match exists;
• d) a second ultrasonic imaging system providing an output;
• e) second means for storing a database of previously stored images;
• f) second system processor means having inputs coupled to said second database storage means and to the output of said second ultrasonic imaging system for comparing a scanned image from the output of said second ultrasonic imaging system to the previously stored images in said second database storage means to determine if a match exists;
• and
• g) local area network means for connecting said first and second system processor means together.

A biometric identification system comprising:

• a) an ultrasonic imaging system for imaging human or animal tissue having a surface and comprising probe means including means for defining said surface in a manner supporting said human or animal tissue for imaging the same, transducer means positioned closely adjacent said supporting means for providing an output ultrasonic beam directed on said surface so that the size of said beam at its focal point is as small as possible to maximize the resolution of said system, said imaging system further comprising control means operatively connected to said probe means for controlling scanning of said surface by said transducer means and signal processor means operatively connected to said probe means for receiving signals produced in response to said scanning of said surface and for processing said signals to provide an output;
• b) means for storing a database of previously stored images;
• c) system processor means having inputs coupled to said database storage means and to the output of said processor means for comparing a scanned image from said ultrasonic imaging system to the previously stored images in said database storage means to determine if a match exists;
• and
• d) means for providing a wireless communication link between said ultrasonic imaging system and said system processor means.