Electrochromic, electroluminescent and electrochemiluminescent displays

A display comprising an array of matrix addressable pairs of electrodes, said array comprising:

• (a) a substrate;
• (b) a plurality of substantially parallel and spaced apart electronically conductive means defining columns of bus bars mounted on one side of said substrate, each of said column bus bars being electrically separate from the other column bus bars so that each is independently addressable by electrical biasing means;
• (c) a plurality of column electrode means mounted face up on said one side of said substrate and spaced at intervals along each of said column bus bars;
• (d) a plurality of substantially parallel and spaced apart electronically conductive means defining row bus bars on said one side of said substrate, said row bus bars crossing but being electrically insulated from said column bus bars, each of said row bus bars being electrically separate from the other row bus bars so that each of said row bus bars is independently addressable by electrical biasing means;
• (e) a plurality of row electrode means mounted face up on said one side of said substrate and spaced at intervals along each row bus bar, each of said row electrodes being positioned to have a column electrode in close proximity to and side by side therewith to define an electrode pair;
• and
• (f) an ionically conductive electrolyte layer over said pair of electrodes, said electrolyte including an electrochemiluminescent chemical substance so that when a bias is imposed between the electrodes of one of said pairs, said electrochemiluminescent chemical substance emits light in the vicinity of said pair.

A display comprising an array of matrix addressable pixels, said display comprising:

• (a) a first substrate;
• (b) a plurality of substantially parallel and spaced apart means defining columns of bus bars mounted on said first substrate, each of said column bus bars being independently addressable by electrical biasing means and having a plurality of column electrode means face up and at spaced intervals along the length of said column;
• (c) a second substrate in opposed and facing relationship to said first substrate but spaced apart therefrom,
• (d) a plurality of substantially parallel and spaced apart means defining rows of bus bars mounted face up on said second substrate, each of said row bus bars being independently addressable by electrical biasing means and having a plurality of row electrode means at spaced intervals along its length so that each row electrode is in opposed and facing relationship to a corresponding column electrode means but spaced apart therefrom to define an electrode pair;
• and
• (e) an ionically conductive layer of electrolyte sandwiched between each said first and second electrodes, said layer of electrolyte including an electrochemiluminescent substance and being separated into individual zones by relatively non-conducting borders so that each electrode pair constitutes a substantially separate electrochemical cell defining a pixel.