Method and apparatus for achieving high reaction rates
AssigneeRocky Research
InventorUwe Rockenfeller
Life of this patent
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Abstract
A chemisorption reaction process is carried out under conditions in which the volumetric expansion of the complex compound reaction product is restricted, and at half-cycle reaction periods of less than 30 minutes each, and/or in a reaction chamber having a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, and/or a maximum heat diffusion path length of less than 1.5 mm.
Claims116
An improved chemisorption reaction process in which a polar gas is repeatedly alternately adsorbed and desorbed on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said polar gas on a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride, said process comprising
- carrying out said reaction process at half-cycle reaction periods of less than about 30 minutes in a reactor having one or more reaction chambers having a maximum thermal diffusion path length of less than about 4.5 mm and a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, and restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound formed during said chemisorption reaction.
A chemisorption reaction process comprising repeatedly alternately adsorbing and desorbing a polar gas on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said polar gas on a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride, restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound during said chemisorption reaction, and carrying out said process in a reactor having one or more reaction chambers having a maximum thermal diffusion path length of less than about 4.5 mm at adsorption and desorption reaction cycle time periods of less than about 30 minutes, respectively.
An improved chemisorption reaction process in which a polar gas is repeatedly alternately adsorbed and desorbed on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said polar gas on a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride, said process comprising,
- carrying out said reaction process in a reactor having one or more reaction chambers having a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, and restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound during said chemisorption reaction.
An improved chemisorption reaction process in which a polar gas is repeatedly alternately adsorbed and desorbed on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said polar gas on a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride, said process comprising
- loading said metal salt in a reactor whereby at least about 60% of the mass of said salt is within 25 mm or less of a gas distribution means in said reactor, and restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound during said chemisorption reaction.
An improved chemisorption reaction process in which a polar gas is repeatedly alternately adsorbed and desorbed on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said polar gas on a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride or double metal chloride, said process comprising
- carrying out said reaction process in a reactor having a maximum heat diffusion path length of less than 1.5 mm, and restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound during said chemisorption reaction.
In a chemisorption reaction process in which a polar gas is alternately adsorbed and desorbed on a reaction product of zeolite, activated carbon, activated alumina or silica gel and said polar gas, a method of improving the chemisorption reaction rates of said reaction process comprising:
- mixing said zeolite, activated carbon, activated alumina or silica gel with a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride,
- introducing the mixture of said zeolite, activated carbon, activated alumina or silica gel and said metal salt in a reaction chamber having a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, and
- adsorbing said polar gas on said mixture while limiting the volumetric expansion of the reaction product during the chemisorption reaction.
A sorption reaction process in which a non-polar gas is alternately adsorbed and desorbed on a reaction product of said gas and an adsorbent comprising zeolite, activated carbon, activated alumina, silica gel or a metal hydride, said process comprising:
- mixing said adsorbent with a metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride,
- introducing said mixture in a reaction chamber having a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm,
- adsorbing a polar gas on said mixture and forming a complex compound of said polar gas and said metal salt while limiting the volumetric expansion of the complex compound during the sorption reaction,
- desorbing said polar gas from said complex compound and purging said polar gas from said reaction chamber, and introducing said non-polar gas into said reaction chamber and carrying out said sorption reaction.
A reactor for alternately adsorbing and desorbing a polar gas on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said gas on metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride, said reactor comprising one or .more reaction chambers having a maximum mean mass diffusion path length of less than about 15 mm, said reactor containing said metal salt or said complex compound therein, and wherein the reaction chamber includes means for restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound.
A reactor for alternately adsorbing and desorbing a polar gas on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said gas on metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride, said reactor comprising one or more reaction chambers having a maximum thermal diffusion path length of less than 1.5 mm, and said reactor containing said metal salt or said complex compound therein, and wherein the reaction chamber includes means for restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound.
A reactor for alternately adsorbing and desorbing a polar gas on a complex compound formed by adsorbing said gas on metal salt comprising a halide, nitrate, nitrite, oxalate, perchlorate, sulfate or sulfite of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition metal, zinc, cadmium, tin, aluminum, sodium borofluoride, or double metal chloride, said reactor comprising one or more reaction chambers having means for directing said polar gas to and from said metal salt or said complex compound in said reaction chambers, and wherein at least 60% of said metal salt or said complex compound, by weight, is within 25 mm or less of a gas distribution means, said reactor containing said metal salt or said complex compound therein, and wherein the reaction chamber includes means for restricting the volumetric expansion of said complex compound.
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.