Multiplier and squaring circuit to be used for the same

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end, said second output end being connected in common to said first output end so as to be opposite in phase;
• said first differential input end pair being applied with the difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• said second differential input end pair being applied with the sum of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage;
• and
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first input signal and said second input signal being derived from said first and second output ends;
• wherein
• said first squaring circuit includes a first differential pair of first and second transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other, and a second differential pair of third and fourth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other;
• said first and second transistors have emitters connected in common to a first constant current source, and bases between which said difference of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage is applied;
• said third and fourth transistors have emitters connected in common to a second constant current source, and bases between which said difference of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage is applied;
• collectors of said first and fourth transistors are connected in common, and collectors of said second and third transistors are connected in common;
• said second squaring circuit includes a third differential pair of fifth and sixth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other, and a fourth differential pair of seventh and eighth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other;
• said fifth and sixth transistors have emitters connected in common to a third constant current source, and bases between which said sum of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage is applied;
• said seventh and eighth transistors have emitters connected in common to a fourth constant current source, and bases between which said sum of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage is applied;
• collectors of said fifth and eighth transistors are connected in common, and collectors of said sixth and seventh transistors are connected in common;
• said common-connected collectors of said first and fourth transistors and sixth and seventh transistors are connected in common to form said output end of said first squaring circuit, and said common-connected collectors of said second, third, fifth and eighth transistors are connected in common to form said output end of said second squaring circuit;
• and
• one of said two transistors belonging to each of said first, second, third and fourth differential pairs has a resistor at its emitter, and is connected through said resistor to said corresponding constant current source.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end, said second output end being connected in common so as to be opposite in phase to said first output end;
• said first differential input end pair being applied with difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• said second differential input end pair being applied with the sum of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage;
• and
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first input signal and said second input signal being derived from said first and second output ends;
• wherein
• said first squaring circuit contains a first differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1 (K>1) and a second differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1;
• said second squaring circuit contains a third differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1 and a fourth differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1;
• between said first and second differential pairs, bases of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said first differential input end pair,
• emitters of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively, and to be connected corresponding constant current sources;
• between said third and fourth differential pairs, bases of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said second differential input end pair,
• emitters of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively, and to be connected corresponding constant current sources;
• and
• between said first, second, third and fourth differential pairs, collectors of said transistors of said first and second differential pairs, each having an emitter size of K, and collectors of said transistors of said third and fourth differential pairs, each having an emitter size of 1, are connected in common to form said first output end, and collectors of said transistors of said first and second differential pairs, each having an emitter size of 1, and collectors of said transistors of said third and fourth differential pairs, each having an emitter size of K, are connected in common to form said second output end.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit including a first differential pair of transistors whose emitters are coupled together and whose emitter sizes are different from each other, and a second differential pair of transistors whose emitters are coupled together and whose emitter sizes are different from each other;
• said base of said transistor having the larger emitter size belonging to said first differential pair and said base of said transistor having the smaller emitter size belonging to said second differential pair are connected in common to form one of a first differential input end pair;
• said base of said transistor having the smaller emitter size belonging to said first differential pair and said base of said transistor having the larger emitter size belonging to said second differential pair are connected in common to form the other of said first differential input end pair;
• a second squaring circuit including a third differential pair of transistors whose emitters are coupled together and whose emitter sizes are different from each other, and a fourth differential pair of transistors whose emitters are coupled together and whose emitter sizes are different from each other,
• said base of said transistor having the larger emitter size belonging to said third differential pair and said base of said transistor having the smaller emitter size belonging to said fourth differential pair are connected in common to form one of a second differential input end pair;
• said base of said transistor having the smaller emitter size belonging to said third differential pair and said base of said transistor having the larger emitter size belonging to said fourth differential pair are connected in common to form the other of said second differential input end pair;
• and
• collectors of said transistors having the larger emitter sizes respectively belonging to said first and second differential pairs and collectors of said transistors having small emitter sizes respectively belonging to said third and fourth differential pairs being connected in common to form one of output ends, and
• collectors of said transistors having the smaller emitter sizes respectively belonging to said first and second differential pairs and collectors of said transistors having large emitter sizes respectively belonging to said third and fourth differential pairs being connected in common to form the other one of said output ends, wherein
• the difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage is applied between said first differential input end pair, and the sum of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage is applied between said second differential input end pair;
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first and second input signals is derived from said output ends.

A multiplier:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end, said second output end being connected in common to said first output end so as to be opposite in phase;
• said first differential input end pair being applied with the difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• said second differential input end pair being applied with sum of said first input signal voltage and said second input signal voltage;
• and
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first input signal and said second input signal being derived from said first and second output ends;
• wherein
• said first squaring circuit includes of a first differential pair of first and second transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other, and a second differential pair of third and fourth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other;
• said first and second transistors have emitters coupled together, and said third and fourth transistors have emitters coupled together;
• said first and third transistors have bases connected in common, and said second and fourth transistors have bases connected in common, said common-connected bases forming said first differential input end pair;
• said second squaring circuit includes a third differential pair of fifth and sixth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other, and a fourth differential pair of seventh and eighth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other;
• said fifth and sixth transistors have emitters coupled together, and said seventh and eighth transistors have emitters coupled together;
• said fifth and seventh transistors have bases connected in common, and said sixth and eighth transistors have bases connected in common, said common-connected bases forming said second differential input end pair;
• said first, fourth, sixth and seventh transistors have collectors connected in common to form said first output end, and said second, third, fifth and eighth transistors have collectors connected in common to form said second output end, and;
• said second, third, sixth and seventh transistors each has a resistor at its emitter, and said second, third, sixth and eighth transistors are connected through said resistors to said first, fourth, fifth and eighth transistors, respectively.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end, said first differential input end pair being applied with difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end, said second input end pair being applied with said first input signal voltage, and a second output end being connected opposite in phase to said first output end;
• a third squaring circuit having a third differential input end pair and a third output end, said third input end pair being applied with said second input signal voltage, and a third output end being connected opposite in phase to said first output end;
• and
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first input signal and said second input signal being derived from said first, second and third output ends commonly-connected;
• wherein
• said first squaring circuit includes a first differential pair of first and second transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a second differential pair of third and fourth transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together;
• said second squaring circuit includes a third differential pair of fifth and sixth transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a fourth differential pair of seventh and eighth transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together;
• said third squaring circuit includes a fifth differential pair of ninth and tenth transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a sixth differential pair of eleventh and twelfth transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together;
• said first transistor having a larger emitter size and said third transistor having a smaller emitter size have bases connected in common to form one end of said first input end pair, and said second transistor having a smaller emitter size and said fourth transistor having a larger emitter size have bases connected in common to form one end of said second input end pair;
• said fifth transistor having a larger emitter size and said seventh transistor having a smaller emitter size have bases connected in common to said one end said first input end pair, and said sixth transistor having a smaller emitter size and said eighth transistor having a larger emitter size have bases connected in common;
• said ninth transistor having a larger emitter size and said eleventh transistor having a smaller emitter size have bases connected in common to form said one end of said second input end pair, and said tenth transistor having a smaller emitter size and said twelfth transistor having a larger emitter size have bases connected in common to said bases of said sixth and eighth transistors;
• said common-connected bases of said sixth, eighth, tenth and twelfth transistors form the other ends of said first and second input end pairs.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end, said first differential input end pair being applied with the difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end, said second input end pair being applied with said first input signal voltage, and a second output end signal being connected opposite in phase to said first output end;
• a third squaring circuit having a third differential input end pair and a third output end, said third input end pair being applied with said second input signal voltage, and a third output end being connected opposite in phase to said first output end;
• and
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first input signal and said second input signal being derived from said first, second and third output ends;
• wherein
• said first squaring circuit includes a first differential pair of first and second transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a second differential pair of third and fourth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other and whose emitters are coupled together;
• said first and third transistors have bases connected in common, said common-connected bases forming one end of said first differential input end pair;
• and said second and fourth transistors have bases connected in common, said common-connected bases forming one end of said second differential input end pair;
• said second squaring circuit includes a third differential pair of fifth and sixth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a fourth differential pair of seventh and eighth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other and whose emitters are coupled together;
• said fifth and seventh transistors have bases connected in common to be connected in common to said one end of said first differential input end pair;
• and said sixth and eighth transistors have bases connected in common;
• and
• said third squaring circuit includes a fifth differential pair of ninth and tenth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a sixth differential pair of eleventh and twelfth transistors whose emitter sizes are equal to each other and whose emitters are coupled together;
• said ninth and eleventh transistors have bases connected in common to form said one end of said second input end pair, and said tenth and twelfth transistors have bases connected in common to said bases of said sixth and eighth transistors;
• said common-connected bases of said sixth and eighth, tenth and twelfth transistors form the other ends of said first and second input end pairs;
• said second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth and twelfth transistors have collectors connected in common to form said first output end and said first, fourth, sixth, seventh, tenth and eleventh transistors have collectors connected in common to form said second output end;
• and
• one of said two transistors belonging to each of said first, second, third and fourth differential pairs has a resistor at its emitter.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first differential output end pair, said first differential input end pair being applied with difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second differential output end pair, said first differential input end pair being applied with said first input signal voltage, and said second differential output end pair being connected opposite in phase to said first differential output end pair;
• a third squaring circuit having a third differential input end pair and a third differential output end pair, said third differential input end pair being applied with said second input signal voltage, and said third differential output end pair being connected opposite in phase to said first differential output end pair;
• and
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first input signal and said second input signal being derived from said first, second and third differential output end pairs;
• wherein
• said first squaring circuit contains a first differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1 (K>1) and a second differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1;
• said second squaring circuit contains a third differential pair of transistors whose emitters size ratio is K:1 and a fourth differential pair of transmitters whose emitter size ratio is K:1;
• said third squaring circuit contains a fifth differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1 and a sixth differential pair of transistors whose emitter size ratio is K:1;
• between said first and second differential pairs, bases of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said first differential input end pair,
• emitters of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively,
• collectors of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said first differential output end pair;
• between said third and fourth differential pairs, bases of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said second differential input end pair, one end of said second differential input end pair being connected to said one end of said first differential input end pair,
• emitters of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively,
• collectors of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said second differential output end pair;
• between said fifth and sixth differential pairs, bases of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said third differential input end pair, one end of said third differential input end pair being connected to the other end of said first differential input end pair being connected to the other end of said second input end pair,
• emitters of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively,
• collectors of said transistors each having an emitter size of K and those of said transistors each having an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, respectively, to form said third differential output end pair;
• between said first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth differential pairs, one end of said first differential output end pair whose transistors each has an emitter size of K, one end of said second differential output end pair whose transistors each has an emitter size of 1 and one end of said third differential output end pair whose transistors each has an emitter size of 1 are connected in common, and
• the other end of said first differential output end pair whose transistors each has an emitter size of 1, one end of said second differential output end pair whose transistors each has an emitter size of K and one end of said third differential output end pair whose transistors each has an emitter size of K are connected in common.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end;
• a third squaring circuit having a third differential input end pair and a third output end;
• a fourth squaring circuit having a fourth differential input end pair and a fourth output end;
• each of said second and third output ends being connected in common to said first output end so as to be in opposite phase with said first output end, and said fourth output end being connected in common to said first output end so as to be in the same phase with said first output end;
• said first differential input end pair being supplied with the difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• said second differential input end pair being supplied with said first input signal voltage;
• said third differential input end pair being supplied with said second input signal voltage;
• said fourth differential input end pair being supplied with one of said first and second input signal voltages;
• wherein;
• each of said first, second, third, and fourth squaring circuits includes a differential pair of transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end;
• a third squaring circuit having a third differential input end pair and a third output end;
• a fourth squaring circuit having a fourth differential input end pair and a fourth output end;
• each of said second and third output ends being connected in common with said first output end so as to be in opposite phase with said first output end and said fourth output end being connected in common to said first output end so as to be in the same phase with said first output end;
• said first differential input end pair being supplied with the difference of a first input signal voltage and a second input signal voltage;
• said second differential input end pair being supplied with said first input signal voltage;
• said third differential input end pair being supplied with said second input signal voltage;
• said fourth differential input end pair being supplied with one of said first and second input signal voltages;
• wherein;
• each of said first, second, third, and fourth squaring circuits includes a differential pair of transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other, and
• wherein one of the two transistors belonging to each of said first, second, third and fourth differential pairs has a resistor connected to its emitter.

A squaring circuit comprising:

• a first differential pair of first and second MOS transistors driven by a first constant current source;
• a second differential pair of third and fourth MOS transistors which are driven by a second constant current source;
• drains of said first and third MOS transistors being connected in common to form one of output end pair, and drains of said second and fourth MOS transistors being connected in common to form the other of said output end pair;
• gates of said first and fourth MOS transistors being connected in common to form one of input end pair, and gates of said second and third MOS transistors are connected in common to form the other of said input end pair;
• and
• sources of said first and second MOS transistors being connected in common to said first constant current source, and sources of said third and fourth MOS transistors being connected in common;
• wherein
• a gate-width (W) and gate-length (L) ratio (W/L) of said first MOS transistor is one (1), a gate-width (W) and gate-length (L) ratio (W/L) of said second MOS transistor is H (H.noteq.1)
• gate-width (W) and gate-length (L) ratios (W/L) of said third MOS transistor and said fourth MOS transistor are equal to each other and said ratios are
• {4H.multidot.H.sup.1/2 /(H+1).sup.2 };
• and
• when a current value of said first constant current source is I.sub.0, a current value of said second constant current source is
• {2.multidot.H.sup.1/2 /(H+1)}.multidot.I.sub.0.

A multiplier comprising:

• a first squaring circuit having a first differential input end pair and a first output end;
• a second squaring circuit having a second differential input end pair and a second output end, said second output end being connected in common to said first output end so as to be opposite in phase;
• said first differential input end pair being applied with a first input signal voltage;
• said second differential input end pair being applied with a second input signal voltage equal in phase to said first input signal voltage;
• and
• an output signal showing a result of multiplication of said first input signal and said second input signal being derived from said first and said second output ends commonly-connected;
• wherein
• said first squaring circuit contains a first differential pair of first and second transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a second differential pair of third and fourth transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other whose emitters are coupled together;
• said second squaring circuit contains a third differential pair of fifth and sixth transistors whose emitter size are different from each other and whose emitters are coupled together, and a fourth differential pair of seventh and eighth transistors whose emitter sizes are different from each other whose emitters are coupled together;
• said first transistor having a larger emitter size and said seventh transistor having a smaller emitter size have bases connected in common, and said second transistor having a smaller emitter size and said fifth transistor having a larger emitter size have bases connected in common;
• said third transistor having a smaller emitter size and said eighth transistor having a larger emitter size have bases connected in common, and said fourth transistor having a larger emitter size and said sixth transistor having a smaller emitter size have bases connected in common;
• said first input signal voltage is applied between said common-connected bases of said first and seventh transistors and said common-connected bases of said fourth and sixth transistors, and said second input signal voltage is applied between said common-connected bases of said second and fifth transistors and said common-connected bases of said third and eighth transistors;
• collectors of said first and fourth transistors having larger emitter sizes and collectors of said sixth and seventh transistors having smaller emitter sizes are connected in common to form said first output end;
• and
• collectors of said second and third transistors having smaller emitter sizes and collectors of said fifth and eighth transistors having larger emitter sizes are connected in common to form said second output end.