# US 5,430,635 A · High power factor electronic transformer system for gaseous discharge tubes

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- Number: US 5,430,635 A
- Document ID: US5430635A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 08/161,389
- Filed: 1993-12-06
- Granted: 1995-07-04
- Earliest claimed: 1993-12-06
- Assignees: Bertonee Inc.
- Inventors: Guang Liu
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5430635A

## CPC

- H02M 1/425: {using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a high frequency AC output voltage}
- H05B 41/28: using static converters
- H05B 41/2821: {by means of a single-switch converter or a parallel push-pull converter in the final stage (H05B41/285 takes precedence)}
- H05B 41/2856: {against internal abnormal circuit conditions}
- Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- H05B: ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

A cost-effective apparatus to improve the power factor of an AC line powered electronic transformer for powering gaseous discharge tubes uses an L-C filter link between a rectifier that provides DC voltage and an inverter for converting from DC to AC. The L-C filter link and the inverter function as a power factor correction stage, while at the same time converting DC voltage to AC voltage to drive gaseous discharge tubes.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A high power factor electronic transformer system for use with a rectifier, comprising:
an inverter circuit connected to a rectified voltage from the rectifier for producing a high-frequency voltage therefrom;
a first capacitor connected across a first input terminal and a second input terminal of said inverter circuit;
an inductor connected between the first input terminal of said inverter circuit and a first output terminal of the rectifier and a second output terminal of the rectifier being connected to said second input terminal of said inverter circuit;
switch means with an open state and a closed state;
said inverter circuit including a transformer having a secondary winding connected to a load and a primary winding connected at one end to said first input terminal of said inverter circuit and at a second end to said switch means;
a second capacitor connected in parallel with said switch means; and
control means for controlling said switch means so that a sinusoidal input current input to the rectifier remains substantially sinusoidal.

### Claim 2

A high power factor electronic transformer system for a gaseous discharge tube, comprising:
a rectifier circuit connected to an alternating current voltage source and producing a rectified voltage therefrom;
an inverter circuit having positive and a negative input terminals and including a transformer for producing a high-frequency voltage;
an inductor connected between a positive output terminal of said rectifier circuit and said positive input terminal of said inverter circuit;
a first capacitor connected across said positive and negative input terminals of said inverter circuit;
a semiconductor control switch;
said transformer having a secondary winding connected to provide the high-frequency voltage to the gaseous discharge tube and a primary winding connected at one end to said positive input terminal of said inverter circuit and at a second end to a drain of said control switch;
a source of said control switch connected to said negative input terminal of said inverter circuit and to said first capacitor;
a second capacitor connected between said drain and said source of said semiconductor control switch; and
means for controlling said semiconductor control switch connected to a gate of said switch, wherein an inductance of the transformer, a capacitance of the second capacitor, and a switching frequency of the means for controlling are chosen so that the semiconductor control switch will conduct electricity between the drain and the source when a voltage across the drain and the source is at a minimum, and whereby a sinusoidal input current input to said rectifier circuit remains substantially sinusoidal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 2, wherein said inverter circuit comprises a push-pull inverter with a third capacitor connected in series between the gaseous discharge tube and a first end of the secondary winding and a fourth capacitor connected in series between the gaseous discharge tube and a second end of the secondary winding.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 2, wherein said inverter circuit comprises a half-bridge inverter.

### Claim 5 (depends on 2)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 2, wherein said inverter circuit comprises a full-bridge inverter with a third capacitor connected in series between the gaseous discharge tube and a first end of the secondary winding and a fourth capacitor connected in series between the gaseous discharge tube and a second end of the secondary winding.

### Claim 6 (depends on 2)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 2, wherein said gaseous discharge tube is a fluorescent lamp.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 2, wherein said means for controlling said semiconductor control switch comprises a pulse width modulation control circuit with a variable pulse width.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 7, wherein an output power to the gaseous discharge tube is adjustable through pulse width adjustment by said pulse width modulation control circuit.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 8, wherein said pulse width modulation control circuit further comprises an over-voltage/over-current protection circuit for measuring voltage across and current through said semiconductor control switch and to stop current through said semiconductor control switch when said voltage across said semiconductor control switch or said current through said semiconductor control switch exceeds respective predetermined limits.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The high power factor electronic transformer according to claim 9, wherein said over-voltage/over-current protection circuit comprises:
a current sensing resistor connected in series with the control switch;
first and second series-connected resisters forming a voltage divider for voltage sensing and connected in parallel with said second capacitor; and
means for comparing a current sensed by said current sensing resistor to a current reference level and for comparing a voltage sensed by said voltage divider to a voltage reference level;
whereby when said means for comparing detects that the current sensed by said current sensing resistor is greater than said current reference level or said voltage sensed by said voltage divider is greater than said voltage reference level, current flow through said control switch is stopped by said over-voltage/over-current protection circuit.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 10, wherein said over-voltage/over-current protection circuit further comprises first and second diodes, said first and second diodes being connected to said means for comparing by respective first and second cathodes, an anode of said first diode being connected between the source of the semiconductor control switch and the current sensing resistor and an anode of the second diode being connected between said first and second series-connected resistors forming a voltage divider.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The high power factor electronic transformer system according to claim 11, wherein said over-voltage/over-current protection circuit further comprises a light emitting diode fault indicator for illuminating when said current sensed by said current sensing resistor is greater than said current reference level or said voltage sensed by said voltage divider is greater than said voltage reference level.