# US 5,428,530 A · Airborne reactive threat simulator

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- Number: US 5,428,530 A
- Document ID: US5428530A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/878,955
- Filed: 1992-05-05
- Granted: 1995-06-27
- Earliest claimed: 1992-05-05
- Assignees: Kaman Sciences Corporation
- Inventors: Kevin D. Brown; David D. Hill; Albert C. McGuire
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5428530A

## CPC

- G09B 9/40: Simulation of airborne radar
- F41G 3/26: Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying {(shooting games A63F9/02; light- or radiation-emitting guns F41A33/02; targets therefor F41J; responders, transponders for radar, sonar, lidar G01S13/767, G01S15/74, G01S17/74)}
- G09B 9/003: {for military purposes and tactics}
- G09B 9/24: including display or recording of simulated flight path
- G09B: EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times A61B5/16; games, sports, amusements A63; projectors, projector screens G03B)
- F41G: WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING (optical aspects thereof G02B)

## Abstract

A novel airborne reactive threat simulator is presented. The simulator comprises an aircraft flight and carrier qualified podded external store and a cockpit mounted system control box. The pod is capable of supersonic flight envelopes and houses a sophisticated, state-of-the-art, microprocessor controlled, programmable tracking radar system and associated data collection peripherals. The control box provides the operator/machine interface during system operation. The system operates from a library of preprogrammed scenarios, which are selected by the pilot of the aircraft during routine training/testing exercises. A threat simulation scenario is selected by the pilot as the pilot flies a predetermined profile mission against a target ship. The software routine is executed by the microprocessing system which in turn controls all system hardware components and peripherals. The executed routine orchestrates the hardware operation to produce the desired radio frequency (RF) signature emulation, which is intended to be recognized by the ship's electronic signal measurement (ESM) equipment as the threat of interest. The invention then progresses through the preprogrammed threat seeker operations of searching for, acquiring, and homing on the target vessel. The microprocessing system controls the system hardware to emulate the modes of operation, range and angle tracking loops of the threat seeker radar and provide a video display for the pilot.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An airborne reactive threat simulator for use with an aircraft during flight, comprising:
control means for allowing aircraft personnel to select a programmed scenario and generating control signals indicative of said selected programmed scenario, said control means being adapted for disposal within the aircraft;
pod means having mounting means for mounting to the aircraft;
signal processor means disposed within said pod means, said signal processor means being responsive to said control signals, data signals and video data signals, said signal processor means having memory means for storing signals including (1) signals defining an executable algorithm for providing reactive signals indicative of said selected programmed scenario and (2) said data signals;
transmitter means disposed within said pod means, said transmitter means generating an emulated radio frequency signature in response to said reactive signals, said emulated radio frequency signature simulating an airborne reactive threat;
receiver means disposed within said pod means, said receiver means receiving radio frequency energy transmitted from a target and generating said data signals and said video data signals indicative of the received radio frequency energy, said data signals and said video data signals being presented to said signal processor means, said radio frequency energy emulating a response from the target to the simulated airborne reactive threat; and
video recorder means disposed within said pod means, said video recorder means storing said video data signals.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The simulator of claim 1 wherein said transmitter means and said receiver means in combination comprise:
magnetron means for producing a plurality of radio frequency pulses in response to said reactive signals;
modulator means for controlling pulse width of said radio frequency pulses;
antenna means being responsive to said radio frequency pulses for transmitting said emulated radio frequency signature, said antenna means receiving said radio frequency energy to provide receive signals;
intermediate frequency receiver means being responsive to said receive signals for generating said data signals and said video data signals;
automatic frequency control means for tuning said intermediate frequency receiver means; and
means for directing communication between said antenna means and said magnetron means during transmitting, and between said antenna means and said intermediate frequency receiver means during receiving.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The simulator of claim 2 further comprising:
gimbal means for allowing said antenna means to move in multiple directions.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The simulator of claim 3 further comprising:
antenna control means for controlling a direction of said antenna means.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The simulator of claim 4 further comprising:
servo means for positioning said antenna means in response to said antenna control means.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The simulator of claim 4 further comprising:
attitude sensor means for determining a relative position of said simulator and generating a position signal indicative thereof, said position signal being presented to said antenna control means, wherein said antenna control means is responsive to said position signal.

### Claim 7 (depends on 2)

The simulator of claim 2 further comprising:
radome means disposed at one end of said pod means for protecting said antenna means, said radome means having a frequency bandwidth compatible with the frequency of said transmitted emulated radio frequency signature and said received radio frequency energy at said antenna means.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The simulator of claim 7 wherein said radome means is comprised of fiberglass.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The simulator of claim 1 wherein said pod means is mounted to an external stores station of an aircraft.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The simulator of claim 9 wherein said external stores station is a wing station.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The simulator of claim 1 wherein the aircraft is a fleet deployable aircraft.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The simulator of claim 11 wherein the fleet deployable aircraft is a F/A-18 Hornet.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The simulator of claim 1 wherein said control means is located in the cockpit of the aircraft.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The simulator of claim 1 wherein said pod means comprises:
an elongated cylinder;
a tail cone disposed at one end of said elongated cylinder; and
a radome disposed at the other end of said elongated cylinder.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The simulator of claim 1 further comprising:
environmental control means for providing cooling for said signal processor means, said transmitter means and said receiver means.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The simulator of claim 1 wherein said flight includes supersonic flight.

### Claim 17

A method for simulating a threat from an aircraft during flight, the method comprising the steps of:
selecting a programmed scenario to provide control signals indicative of said selected programmed scenario, using control means adapted for disposal within the aircraft;
processing said control signals, data signals and video data signals, using signal processing means disposed in pod means having mounting means for mounting to the aircraft;
storing signals including programmed signals defining an executable algorithm to provide reactive signals indicative of said selected programmed scenario;
storing said data signals using memory means disposed in said pod means;
transmitting an emulated radio frequency signature in response to said reactive signals, using transmitter means disposed in said pod means, said emulated radio frequency signature simulating an airborne reactive threat;
receiving radio frequency energy transmitted from a target to provide said data signals and said video data signals indicative of the received radio frequency energy, using receiver means disposed in said pod means, said radio frequency energy emulating a response from the target to the simulated airborne reactive threat; and
storing video data signals, using video recorder means disposed in said pod means.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said step of transmitting and said step of receiving in combination comprise:
producing a plurality of radio frequency pulses in response to said reactive signals, using magnetron means;
controlling pulse width of said radio frequency pulses, using modulator means;
transmitting said emulated radio frequency signature using antenna means, said antenna means being responsive to said radio frequency pulses, and receiving said radio frequency energy using said antenna means to provide receive signals;
generating said data signals and said video data signals from said receive signals, using intermediate frequency receiver means;
tuning said intermediate frequency receiver means, using automatic frequency control means; and
directing communication between said antenna means and said magnetron means during transmitting, and between said antenna means and said intermediate frequency receiver means during receiving.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of:
allowing said antenna means to move in multiple directions, using gimbal means.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of:
controlling a direction of said antenna means, using antenna control means.

### Claim 21 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 further comprising the step
positioning said antenna means in response to said antenna of: control means, using servo means.

### Claim 22 (depends on 20)

The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of:
determining a relative position of said simulator and generating a position signal indicative thereof, wherein said antenna control means is responsive to said position signal.

### Claim 23 (depends on 18)

The method of claim 18 further comprising the step of:
protecting said antenna means using radome means, said radome means disposed at one end of said pod means, said radome means having a frequency bandwidth compatible with the frequency of said transmitted emulated radio frequency signature and said received radio frequency energy at said antenna means.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

The method of claim 23 wherein said radome means is comprised of fiberglass.

### Claim 25 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said pod means is mounted to an external stores station of an aircraft.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The method of claim 25 wherein said external stores station is a wing station.

### Claim 27 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein the aircraft is a fleet deployable aircraft.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The method of claim 27 wherein the fleet deployable aircraft is a F/A-18 Hornet.

### Claim 29 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said control means is located in the cockpit of the aircraft.

### Claim 30 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said pod means comprises:
an elongated cylinder;
a tail cone disposed at one end of said elongated cylinder; and
a radome disposed at the other end of said elongated cylinder.

### Claim 31 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of:
providing cooling for said signal processor means, said transmitter means and said receiver means, using environmental control means.

### Claim 32 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17 wherein said flight includes supersonic flight.

### Claim 33

A method for simulating a threat from an aircraft during flight, the method comprising the steps of: simulating a threat from the aircraft during flight, said step of simulating a threat comprising,
generating an emulated signature signal indicative of the threat, and
transmitting said emulated signature signal at a target, wherein the target generates a counter signal in response to said emulated signature signal detected by the target;
receiving said counter signal at the aircraft;
homing on said counter signal at the aircraft; and
storing signals including said emulated signature signal and said counter signal for simulation evaluation.

### Claim 34 (depends on 33)

The method of claim 33 wherein said emulated signature signal comprises an emulated radio frequency signature signal.

### Claim 35 (depends on 33)

The method of claim 33 wherein the target comprises a ship under test.

### Claim 36 (depends on 35)

The method of claim 35 wherein the ship comprises an aircraft carrier from which the aircraft was launched.

### Claim 37 (depends on 33)

The method of claim 33 wherein the threat comprises an antiship cruise missile threat.

### Claim 38 (depends on 33)

The method of claim 33 further comprising the step of:
adjusting said emulated signature signal in response to said received counter signal.

### Claim 39 (depends on 33)

The method of claim 33 wherein said flight includes supersonic flight.

### Claim 40

An airborne reactive threat simulator for use with an aircraft during flight, comprising:
simulator means for simulating a threat, said simulator means having mounting means for mounting to the aircraft, said simulator means comprising,
means for generating an emulated signature signal indicative of the threat, and
means for transmitting said emulated signature signal at a target, wherein the target generates a counter signal in response to said emulated signature signal detected by the target;
receiver means for receiving said counter signal at the aircraft;
means for homing on said counter signal at the aircraft; and
means for storing signals including said emulated signature signal and said received counter signal for simulation evaluation.

### Claim 41 (depends on 40)

The simulator of claim 40 wherein said emulated signature signal comprises an emulated radio frequency signature signal.

### Claim 42 (depends on 40)

The simulator of claim 40 wherein the target comprises a ship under test.

### Claim 43 (depends on 42)

The simulator of claim 42 wherein the ship comprises an aircraft carrier from which the aircraft was launched.

### Claim 44 (depends on 40)

The simulator of claim 40 wherein the threat comprises an antiship cruise missile threat.

### Claim 45 (depends on 40)

The simulator of claim 40 further comprising:
means for adjusting said emulated signature signal in response to said received counter signal.

### Claim 46 (depends on 40)

The simulator of claim 40 wherein said flight includes supersonic flight.