X-ray based extensometry device

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow line image, said x-ray focusing means and said x-ray source means being mounted on a common base for scanning;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means;
• wherein said x-ray source means comprises x-ray tube means and said x-ray focusing means comprises a Johanssen ground and bent crystal in communication with said x-ray tube means, said crystal being composed of silicon.

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means for linear scanning, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow, line image;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means.

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from x-ray source means into a narrow, line image, said x-ray focusing means having performance characteristics as defined at A in FIG. 5;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means.

A method for measuring relative changes in the position of a target including the steps of:

• focusing x-rays into a narrow, line image;
• lineally scanning said focused x-rays towards a target;
• positioning fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detecting said secondary x-rays;
• and
• comparing the position of said line image with the detected secondary x-rays whereby relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means is measured.

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow line image, said x-ray focusing means and said x-ray source means being mounted on a common base for scanning;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means;
• wherein said x-ray source means comprises x-ray tube means and said x-ray focusing means comprises a Johanssen ground and bent crystal in communication with said x-ray tube means, said crystal having a plane of reflection of (111).

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow, line image;
• opaque fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means.

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow line image, said x-ray focusing means and said x-ray source means being mounted on a common base for scanning;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means;
• and
• wherein said x-ray source means comprises x-ray tube means and said x-ray focusing means comprises a plurality of spaced bent crystals in communication with said x-ray tube means.

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow line image, said x-ray focusing means and said x-ray source means being mounted on a common base for scanning;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means;
• wherein said x-ray source means comprises x-ray tube means and said x-ray focusing means comprises a Johanssen ground and bent crystal in communication with said x-ray tube means, said x-ray focusing means having performance characteristics as defined at A in FIG. 5.

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow line image, said x-ray focusing means and said x-ray source means being mounted on a common base for linear scanning;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means.

An apparatus for measuring relative changes in the position of a target comprising:

• x-ray scanning means, said x-ray scanning means comprising x-ray source means in communication with x-ray focusing means for focusing x-rays from said x-ray source means into a narrow line image, said x-ray focusing means and said x-ray source means being mounted on a common base for scanning;
• fluorescing target means for receiving said focused line image and emitting secondary x-rays in response thereto, said fluorescing target means being displaced from said x-ray focusing means and being adapted for mounting on a target;
• detector means for detecting said secondary x-rays;
• comparator means for comparing the position of said line image with the output from said detector means thereby measuring relative change in the position of the target associated with said fluorescing target means;
• wherein said fluorescing target means comprises at least two spaced fluorescing targets and wherein said detector means detects secondary x-rays from said at least two spaced fluorescing targets and said comparator means processes said detected secondary x-rays to measure strains in the location of said at least two spaced fluorescing targets.