Liquid crystal apparatus with gradation information signals and DC bias

A liquid crystal apparatus comprising:

• a. a liquid crystal panel having switching elements arranged along a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, first wiring lines commonly connecting first terminals of said switching elements in units of rows, second wiring lines commonly connecting second terminals of said switching elements in units of columns, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected in units of third terminals of said switching elements, counter electrodes opposite to said pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization and sandwiched between said plurality of pixel electrodes and said counter electrodes;
• b. first means for applying scanning pulses to said first wiring lines;
• and
• c. second means for applying a gradation voltage signal corresponding to gradation information to said second wiring lines and for applying an auxiliary voltage signal to said second wiring lines so that a DC component serving as a reverse bias for an internal electric field generated upon application of the gradation voltage signal is applied to said liquid crystal during one vertical scanning period.

A liquid crystal apparatus comprising:

• a. a liquid crystal panel having switching elements arranged along a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, first wiring lines commonly connecting first terminals of said switching elements in units of rows, second wiring lines commonly connecting second terminals of said switching elements in units of columns, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected in units of third terminals of said switching elements, counter electrodes opposite to said pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization and sandwiched between said plurality of pixel electrodes and said counter electrodes;
• b. first means for applying scanning pulses to said first wiring lines;
• and
• c. second means for applying a voltage signal corresponding to gradation information to said second wiring lines after a reset voltage signal is applied and for applying an auxiliary voltage signal to said second wiring lines such that a DC component serving as a reverse bias for an internal electric field generated upon application of the gradation voltage signal is applied to said liquid crystal during one vertical scanning period.

A liquid crystal apparatus comprising:

• a liquid crystal element having a liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization, a pair of electrode substrates for sandwiching said liquid crystal therebetween, and insulating layers formed between said electrode substrates and said liquid crystal, wherein a spontaneous polarization ##EQU24## value of said liquid crystal, an interelectrode composite capacitance ##EQU25## of Vth (units of V) of optical response of said liquid crystal in said liquid crystal element satisfy the following condition:
• ##EQU26## first means for applying a gradation voltage signal corresponding to gradation information to said pair of electrodes;
• and
• second means for applying a DC component, serving as a reverse bias of an internal electric field generated upon application of the gradations voltage signal, to said liquid crystal during one vertical scanning period.

A liquid crystal apparatus comprising:

• a. a liquid crystal element having switching elements arranged along a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, first wiring lines commonly connecting first terminals of said switching elements in units of rows, second wiring lines commonly connecting second terminals of said switching elements in units of columns, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected in units of third terminals of said switching elements, counter electrodes opposite to said pixel electrodes, a liquid crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization P.sub.S (nC/cm.sup.2) sandwiched between said plurality of pixel electrodes and said counter electrodes, and an insulating member formed on at least one of said pixel and counter electrodes, a voltage threshold value Vth (V) of optical response of said liquid crystal and an interelectrode capacitance Ci (nF/cm.sup.2) of said insulating member satisfying the following condition:
• ##EQU27## b. first means for applying scanning pulses to said first wiring lines;
• and
• c. second means for applying a gradation voltage signal corresponding to gradation information to said second wiring lines and for applying an auxiliary voltage signal to said second wiring lines so that a DC component serving as a reverse bias for an internal electric field generated upon application of the gradation voltage signal is applied to said liquid crystal during one vertical scanning period.

A liquid crystal apparatus comprising:

• a. a liquid crystal element having switching elements arranged along a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, first wiring lines commonly connecting first terminals of said switching elements in units of rows, second wiring lines commonly connecting second terminals of said switching elements in units of columns, a plurality of pixel electrodes connected in units of third terminals of said switching elements, counter electrodes opposite to said pixel electrodes, a liquid crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization P.sub.S (nC/cm.sup.2) and sandwiched between said plurality of pixel electrodes and said counter electrodes, and an insulating member formed on at least one of said pixel and counter electrodes, a voltage threshold value Vth (V) of liquid crystal of said optical response and an interelectrode capacitance Ci (nF/cm.sup.2) said insulating member satisfying the following condition:
• ##EQU28## b. first means for applying scanning pulses to said first wiring lines;
• and
• c. second means for applying a voltage signal corresponding to gradation information to said second wiring lines after a reset voltage signal is applied and for applying an auxiliary voltage signal to said second wiring lines such that a DC component serving as a reverse bias for an internal electric field generated upon application of the gradation voltage signal is applied to said liquid crystal during one vertical scanning period.