US 5,384,573 A · Image synthesis using time sequential holography

Abstract

A method and apparatus for producing an image of a target area, by: at an observation location spaced from the target area, transmitting a beam of electromagnetic radiation toward the target area, and receiving reflections of the radiation from the target area; providing a representation of the magnitude and direction of the distance between points on the target area which produce reflections that travel in phase to the observation location; varying the spatial relation between the observation location and the target area and/or the given radiation frequency, in order to establish a plurality of different observation states which succeed one another in time, each state being associated with a distinct combination of magnitude and direction of the distance between points on the target area which produce reflections that travel in phase to the observation location; producing two coherent radiation beams, directing the two beams onto a receiving plane provided with an array of radiation receiving cells and storing output signals from each receiving cell, and controlling the two beams, for each observation state in succession, such that the two collimated beams have: beam axes which are inclined relative to one another by an angle corresponding in magnitude and direction to the magnitude and direction representations; a phase difference corresponding to the phase difference between the transmitted and received radiation; and intensities such that the product of the intensities of the two beams corresponds to the intensity product of the transmitted and received radiation.

Claims157

Dependent claims

A system for producing an image of an object, the object defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising:

transmitter means for transmitting radiation toward the object, the transmitted radiation defining a frequency,
receiver means for receiving radiation reflected by the object, the radiation means comprising means for determining the amplitude and the phase of the radiation reflected by the object for generating an output corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of the radiation reflected by the object, the radiation reflected by the object and received by the receiver means satisfying a Bragg condition and corresponding to one of the plurality of basis functions,
controller means, in communication with the transmitter means and the receiver means, for selecting the frequency of the radiation transmitted by the transmitter means, the controller means further comprising means for generating an output corresponding to the amplitude, the phase and the spatial frequency of the radiation reflected by the object,
basis function generator means, in communication with the controller means, for generating an output corresponding to one of the plurality of basis functions of the object in response to the output of the controller means, the basis function generator means comprising means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate the basis functions,
integrator means for integrating the output of the basis function generator means and for producing an output corresponding to the integrated output of the basis function generator means, the integrator means comprising means for detecting the recreated basis functions, and means for summing the recreated basis functions over time, and
display means for displaying the output of the integrator means.

3 more elements

A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising:

reference signal generator means for generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a phase and a frequency,
range delay means for generating a delayed signal, the delayed signal corresponding to the reference signal delayed by a length of time,
transmitter means for transmitting a signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal,
receiver means for receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal,
comparator means for comparing the scattered signal and the delayed signal and for generating output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and
image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising:
means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function,
means for detecting the recreated basis function, and
means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.

6 more elements

A method for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the method comprising:

generating a reference signal, the reference signal having an amplitude, a frequency and a phase,
transmitting a transmitted signal toward the object, the transmitted signal corresponding to the reference signal,
generating a delayed signal, the delayed signal corresponding to the reference signal delayed by a length of time,
receiving a scattered signal from the object, the scattered signal corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the transmitted signal,
comparing the scattered signal and the delayed signal,
generating output signals in response to the comparison of the scattered signal and the delayed signal, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object, and
generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals, the step of generating a reconstructed image comprising:
interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function,
detecting the recreated basis function, and
summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.

7 more elements

A system for generating an image of an object, the object having at least one spatial component and defining at least one basis function having an amplitude and a phase, the system comprising:

transmitted radiation means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave,
reference radiation means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, whereby the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfere on the object and create a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a scattered radiation amplitude and a spatial frequency,
receiver means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude, the scattered radiation amplitude corresponding to a signal scattered by a spatial component of the object satisfying a Bragg condition with respect to the interference of the reference wave and the transmitted wave,
comparator means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object,
controller means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes, and
image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object in response to the output signals generated by the comparator means, the image synthesis means comprising:
means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function,
means for detecting the recreated basis function, and
means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.

6 more elements

A method for generating an image of an object, the object defining at least one basis function, the method comprising:

irradiating the object with a transmitted wave,
irradiating the object with a reference wave, the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfering on the object and creating a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a spatial frequency and a scattered radiation amplitude,
measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a first scattered radiation amplitude measurement,
varying the phase of the plurality of fringes,
measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes after varying the phase of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a second scattered radiation amplitude measurement,
comparing the first and second scattered radiation amplitude measurements to thereby obtain a compared scattered radiation complex amplitude measurement, the complex amplitude corresponding to an amplitude and a phase of a basis function, and
generating an image of the object based upon a plurality of compared scattered radiation amplitude measurements, the step of generating an image of the object comprising:
interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function,
detecting the recreated basis function, and
summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.

7 more elements

A system for generating an image of an object, the object defining at least one basis function, the at least one basis function being defined by an amplitude, a phase and a spatial frequency, the system comprising:

means for irradiating the object with a transmitted wave,
means for irradiating the object with a reference wave, the transmitted wave and the reference wave interfering on the object and creating a plurality of fringes, the plurality of fringes defining a spatial frequency and a scattered radiation amplitude,
means for measuring the scattered radiation amplitude of the plurality of fringes to thereby obtain a first scattered radiation amplitude measurement,
means for comparing the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a first phase and spatial frequency and the scattered radiation amplitude of a plurality of fringes having a second phase and for generating output signals based upon the compared scattered radiation amplitudes, the output signals corresponding to the amplitude and the phase of a basis function of the object,
means for varying the phase and the spatial frequency of the plurality of fringes, and
means for generating an image of the object based upon a plurality of compared scattered radiation amplitude measurements, the means for generating an image of the object comprising:
means for interfering wavelike energy to thereby recreate a basis function,
means for detecting the recreated basis function, and
means for summing a plurality of recreated basis functions over time.

6 more elements

A system for generating an image of an object, the object being defined by a plurality of basis functions, each of the plurality of basis functions comprising a plurality of parameters, the system comprising:

sensing means for measuring the parameters of the basis functions that satisfy a Bragg condition with respect to the sensing means, and
image synthesis means for generating a reconstructed image of the object using the measured parameters of the basis functions, wherein the image synthesis means defines a frequency plane, a lens plane and an image plane, the planes being in mutually spaced, substantially parallel relationship, and wherein the image synthesis means comprises:
beam generator means for generating a collimated beam defining an amplitude and a phase,
beam splitting means for dividing the collimated beam into a first beam and a second beam,
amplitude modulation means for modulating the amplitude of the first beam,
deflection means for deflecting the first beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions,
focusing lens means for focusing the deflected first beam to form a first light source image substantially at the frequency plane,
amplitude and phase modulation means for modulating the amplitude and phase of the second beam,
deflection means for deflecting the second beam in at least two substantially perpendicular directions, the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected second beam being substantially opposite to the at least two substantially perpendicular directions of the deflected first beam,
curvature lens means for focusing the phase modulated second beam to form a second light source image substantially near the frequency plane,
transform lens means located substantially at the lens plane for Fourier transforming the first light source image and the second light source image into a plurality of interference fringes in the image plane, and
photosensing means for detecting the interference fringes in the image plane.

9 more elements

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.

Image synthesis using time sequential holography

Life of this patent

Image synthesis using time sequential holography

Life of this patent

Abstract

Claims157