# US 5,353,313 A · Transmission of a clock signal over an asynchronous data channel

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- Number: US 5,353,313 A
- Document ID: US5353313A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/866,721
- Filed: 1992-04-10
- Granted: 1994-10-04
- Earliest claimed: 1992-04-10
- Assignees: AT&T Bell Laboratories
- Inventors: William K. Honea
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5353313A

## CPC

- H04J 3/0632: {Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES] (queuing arrangements in packet switching elements H04L49/90; synchronising systems for the synchronous transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals H04N7/56)}
- H04L 7/0008: {Synchronisation information channels, e.g. clock distribution lines}
- H04N 21/242: Synchronisation processes, e.g. processing of PCR [Programme Clock References] {(arrangements for synchronising broadcast or distribution via plural systems in broadcast distribution systems H04H20/18)}
- H04N 21/4305: {Synchronising client clock from received content stream, e.g. locking decoder clock with encoder clock, extraction of the PCR packets (arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter by comparing receiver clock with transmitter clock H04L7/0012; arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter wherein the receiver takes measures against momentary loss of synchronisation H04L7/0083)}
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

## Abstract

An input clock signal associated with an input data signal is divided by a predetermined integer N, to form a sub-rate clock signal. The sub-rate clock signal is sampled and transmitted along with the input data over an asynchronous data channel. At the receiver, the resulting sub-rate clock signal is received and coupled to a phase lock loop which generates a recovered clock signal of the same frequency and substantially in phase with the input clock signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Transmitter apparatus for communicating an input digital data word and an input clock signal over a communication channel at a data word transmission rate which operates asynchronously with respect to said input clock signal, said transmitter comprising
means for generating said input data word from an input analog signal sampled by said input clock signal, said input clock signal being derived independently of said input analog signal,
means for dividing said input clock signal by a predetermined integer to obtain a sub-rate frequency clock signal which is less than or equal to one-half of the data word transmission rate of said transmitter and
means for combining a logic state sample of said sub-rate clock signal together with said input data word to form each data word to be transmitted in a packet data format from said transmitter.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The transmitter of claim 1 wherein an average data word transmission rate is greater than an average input data word generation rate.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The transmitter of claim 1 wherein said sub-rate clock signal is one Nth of frequency of said input clock signal, where N is greater than or equal to 2.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The transmitter of claim 1 wherein said sub-rate clock signal is one Nth of the frequency of said input clock signal, where N is chosen such that the ratio of the data word transmission rate of said transmitter to the sub-rate clock signal to insure that any clock signal recovered from said data word has a jitter that is less than a predetermined jitter rate.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The transmitter of claim 1 further comprising
elastic store means for storing inputted data words using said input clock signal and for outputting said stored data words into adjacent data words transmitted from said transmitter using a transmitter data clock which operates asynchronous to said input clock signal.

### Claim 6

A data communication system including a transmitter and a receiver connected together over a communication channel,
said transmitter comprising
means for generating an input data word from an input analog signal sampled by an input clock signal, said input clock signal being derived independently of said input analog signal,
means for dividing down said input clock signal to obtain a sub-rate frequency clock signal which is substantially below and operates asynchronously to a data word transmission rate of said transmitter and
means for combining a logic state sample of said sub-rate clock signal together with said input data word to form each data word to be transmitted in a packet data format from said transmitter; and
said receiver comprising
means for extracting said logic state sample from each of said data words received from said transmitter and
phase lock loop for generating, from said logic state sample, a recovered clock signal of the same frequency and substantially in phase with said input clock.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6 wherein said sub-rate clock signal is one Nth of the frequency of said input clock signal, where N is greater than or equal to 2.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6 wherein said sub-rate clock signal is one Nth of the frequency of said input clock signal, where N is chosen such that the ratio of the data word transmission rate of said system to the sub-rate clock signal frequency results in a recovered receiver clock jitter that is less than a predetermined jitter rate established for said recovered clock signal.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

The system of claim 6 wherein said transmitter further comprises
elastic store means for storing inputted data words using said input clock signal and for outputting said stored data words into adjacent data words transmitted from said transmitter over said communication channel using a transmitter data clock which operates asynchronous to said input clock signal and
wherein said receiver further comprises
elastic store means for storing adjacent data words received over said communication channel from said transmitter using a receiver data clock signal which operates synchronous to said transmitter data clock signal and for outputting said stored adjacent data words using said recovered clock signal.

### Claim 10

A method of operating a transmitter apparatus to communicate an input digital data word and an input clock signal over a communication channel at a data word transmission rate which operates asynchronously with respect to said input clock signal, said method comprising the steps of
generating said input data word from an input analog signal sampled by said input clock signal, said input clock signal being derived independently of said input analog signal,
dividing said input clock signal by a predetermined integer to obtain a sub-rate frequency clock signal which is substantially below a data word transmission rate of said transmitter and
combining a logic state sample of said sub-rate clock signal together with said input data word to form each data word to be transmitted in a packet data format from said transmitter.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The method of claim 10 wherein said sub-rate clock signal is one Nth of the frequency of said input clock signal, where N is chosen such that the ratio of the data word transmission rate of said transmitter to the sub-rate clock signal to insure that any clock signal recovered from said data word has a jitter that is less than a predetermined jitter rate.

### Claim 12

A method of operating a data communication system including a transmitter and a receiver connected together over a communication channel, said method, at said transmitter, comprising the steps of
accepting an input clock signal which is asynchronous with respect to a data word transmission clock of said transmitter,
generating an input data word from an input analog signal sampled by an input clock signal, said input clock signal being derived independently of said input analog signal,
dividing down said input clock signal to obtain a sub-rate frequency clock signal which is substantially below and operates asynchronously to a data word transmission rate of said transmitter,
combining a logic state sample of said sub-rate clock signal together with said input data word to form each data word to be transmitted in a packet data format from said transmitter; and
at said receiver
extracting said logic state sample from each of said data words received from said transmitter and
generating, from said logic state sample, a recovered clock signal of the same frequency and substantially in phase with said input clock.