# US 5,353,263 A · Soft sonar suspension system

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- Number: US 5,353,263 A
- Document ID: US5353263A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/839,774
- Filed: 1992-04-16
- Granted: 1994-10-04
- Earliest claimed: 1992-04-16
- Inventors: Ulrich Pakker; Dennis Feragen
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5353263A

## CPC

- G10K 11/006: {Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys}
- B01L 3/0268: {using pulse dispensing or spraying, eg. inkjet type, piezo actuated ejection of droplets from capillaries}
- B01L 3/5027: {by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip}
- C12Q 1/001: {Enzyme electrodes}
- G01N 33/5438: {Electrodes}
- G01N 35/0099: {comprising robots or similar manipulators (robots per se B25J)}
- G01V 9/00: Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
- B01L 3/5088: {confining liquids at a location by surface tension, e.g. virtual wells on plates, wires (B01L3/50857 takes precedence)}
- B01L 2200/12: Specific details about manufacturing devices
- B01L 2300/0636: Integrated biosensor, microarrays
- B01L 2300/0645: Electrodes
- G01N 35/109: {with two horizontal degrees of freedom}
- G01N 2035/00059: {vacuum chucks}
- G01N 2035/00237: {Handling microquantities of analyte, e.g. microvalves, capillary networks}
- G01N 2035/00455: {Controlling humidity in analyser}
- G01N 2035/00534: {Mixing by a special element, e.g. stirrer}
- G01N 2035/1034: {Transferring microquantities of liquid}
- G01N 2035/1076: {plurality or independently movable heads}
- G10K: SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B01L: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- C12Q: MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS (immunoassay G01N33/53); COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q)
- G01V: GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS (means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried, persons A63B29/02)

## Abstract

An underwater transducer assembly (T or P) is mounted on an elongated cylindrical piston (32 or 90) received in a pneumatic cylinder (31 or 91). One or more springs (41 or 92) normally bias the piston (32 or 90) inward into the cylinder (31 or 91) to retract the transducer assembly (T or P) into a sea chest (S'). Air under pressure introduced into the cylinder (31 or 91) is effective to overcome the force of the springs (31 or 91) and project the transducer assembly (T or P) to a position operative for scanning. Force applied to the transducer assembly (T or P) tends to move the piston (32 or 90) inward into the cylinder and thereby increase the pressure of the system. The transducer assembly (T or P) is retracted automatically if the pressure exceeds a predetermined pressure. A separate mechanical sensor is mounted adjacent to the sea chest S' to detect the presence of obstacles or debris and automatically actuate retraction of the transducer assembly (T or P).

## Claims

### Claim 1

In an in-the-hull mount for an underwater transducer assembly including a sea chest and means for moving the assembly between a protected position retracted into the sea chest and an operative position projected from the sea chest, the improvement comprising the moving means including retraction means for normally biasing the transducer assembly to its protected position, a source of fluid under pressure, and projection means operable by fluid from said source to act against and overcome the force of the retraction means so as to move the assembly to its operative position.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the retraction means including a spring constantly exerting a force tending to move the transducer assembly to its protected position.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the projection means including a fluid pressure cylinder and a piston received in said cylinder, the transducer assembly being mounted on said piston such that force applied to the transducer assembly tends to move said piston inward into said cylinder so as to increase the pressure of fluid in said cylinder, and including a pressure relief valve connected to said cylinder for exhausting fluid under pressure therefrom when the pressure of fluid in said cylinder exceeds a predetermined pressure.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the source supplying gas under pressure, and the projection means including a pneumatic cylinder and a piston received in said cylinder and carrying the transducer assembly.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

In the mount defined in claim 4, and means for automatically exhausting gas from the pneumatic cylinder when pressure above a predetermined pressure is present in such cylinder so that the transducer assembly is automatically moved to its protected position by the retraction means.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the projection means including a fluid pressure cylinder and a piston mounted in said cylinder and carrying the transducer assembly, the transducer assembly being mounted on said piston such that force exerted on said assembly tends to move said piston inward into said cylinder, and including means for detecting inward movement of said piston caused by force exerted against the transducer assembly and for automatically exhausting gas from said cylinder when inward movement in excess of a predetermined movement is detected so that the transducer assembly automatically retracts to its protected position by the action of the retraction means.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, and means separate from the moving means and the transducer assembly for sensing the presence of an obstacle or debris adjacent to the sea chest and for automatically actuating the moving means to retract the transducer assembly to its protected position when an obstacle or debris is sensed.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

In the mount defined in claim 7, the sensing means including a mechanical sensor mounted in the hull and movable by engagement against an obstacle or debris and means for sensing movement of said mechanical sensor.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the projection means including a fluid pressure cylinder and a piston received in said cylinder, and including a universal joint mounting the transducer assembly on said piston and permitting limited resilient swinging movement of the transducer assembly relative to said piston in all directions such that force applied to the transducer assembly tends to swing the transducer assembly relative to said piston and exert a force tending to move said piston inward into said cylinder.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the projection means including a fluid pressure cylinder and a piston received in said cylinder, the cross-sectional size of said piston being smaller than the maximum cross-sectional size of the transducer assembly, and including a reinforcement member projecting from said piston and having a roller for engagement in the cavity of the sea chest.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the projection means including a fluid pressure cylinder and a piston received in said cylinder, said piston being elongated axially of said cylinder and having an internal cavity in open communication with the interior of said cylinder.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

In the mount defined in claim 11, the cylinder being a pneumatic cylinder actuated by gas under pressure from the source.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

In the mount defined in claim 11, the retraction means including a rod projecting into the cavity of the piston and a helical spring encircling the portion of said rod received in the piston.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

In the mount defined in claim 1, the improvement further comprising electrical sensors for detecting when the transducer assembly is in its protected and operative positions, respectively.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

In the mount defined in claim 14, the electrical sensors including switches mounted adjacent to the sea chest and spaced apart a distance approximately equal to the range of motion of the transducer assembly between its protected and operative positions and means moved with the transducer assembly for actuating said switches.

### Claim 16

In an in-the-hull mount for an underwater transducer assembly including a sea chest and means for moving the assembly between a protected position retracted into the sea chest and an operative position projecting from the sea chest, the improvement comprising the moving means including a pneumatic cylinder, a piston received in said cylinder and carrying the transducer assembly, and means for automatically retracting the transducer assembly when pressure in the pneumatic cylinder exceeds a predetermined pressure, the retracting means including spring means normally biasing the transducer assembly to its protected position.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

In the mount defined in claim 16, the retracting means including a pressure relief valve actuated when pressure in the pneumatic cylinder exceeds the predetermined pressure to exhaust gas from the cylinder.

### Claim 18

In an in-the-hull mount for an underwater transducer assembly including a sea chest and means for moving the assembly between a protected position retracted into the sea chest and an operative position projecting from the sea chest, the improvement comprising an obstacle sensor for detecting the presence of debris adjacent to the sea chest, and control means actuated by said sensor to retract the transducer assembly automatically to its protected position when debris is sensed by said obstacle sensor.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

In the mount defined in claim 18, the obstacle sensor including a mechanical member normally projected from the hull but automatically moved by engagement against debris and means for sensing movement of said member.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

In the mount defined in claim 19, the improvement further comprising a housing for receiving a portion of the mechanical member, the sensing means including a first magnetic element carried by the mechanical member, a second magnetic element carried by said housing and means for detecting relative movement of said two magnetic members and for triggering retraction of the transducer assembly.

### Claim 21 (depends on 19)

In the mount defined in claim 19, the improvement further comprising a housing for receiving a portion of the mechanical member, the sensing means including a first electrical switch component carried by the mechanical member, a second electrical switch component carried by said housing and means for detecting relative movement of said two electrical switch components and for triggering retraction of the transducer assembly.

### Claim 22 (depends on 19)

In the mount defined in claim 19, the improvement further comprising the portion of the mechanical member normally projected from the hull being resilient.

### Claim 23 (depends on 19)

In the mount defined in claim 19, the improvement further comprising the portion of the mechanical member normally projected from the hull being a resilient cable.

### Claim 24 (depends on 19)

In the mount defined in claim 19, the improvement further comprising a housing for receiving a portion of the mechanical member, said housing including a socket, the mechanical member including a ball received in said socket for universal swiveling movement relative thereto.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

In the mount defined in claim 24, the improvement further comprising means for biasing the ball to a predetermined position relative to the socket, the mechanical member including a portion projected from the hull when the ball is in such predetermined position.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

In the mount defined in claim 25, the improvement further comprising the means for biasing the ball to the selected position including a spring loaded plunger having a portion engaged against the ball.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

In the mount defined in claim 26, the improvement further comprising the ball having a depression adjacent to the spring loaded plunger, and the plunger having a portion received in said depression when the ball is in the predetermined position such that swiveling movement of the ball moves the plunger relative to the housing.

### Claim 28 (depends on 26)

In the mount defined in claim 26, the improvement further comprising means for detecting movement of the plunger within the housing and for triggering retraction of the transducer assembly.