# US 5,353,013 A · Vehicle operator sleep alarm > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,353,013 A - Document ID: US5353013A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/061,411 - Filed: 1993-05-13 - Granted: 1994-10-04 - Earliest claimed: 1993-05-13 - Inventors: Richard J. Estrada - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5353013A ## CPC - G08B 21/06: indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms - G08B: SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS ## Abstract An alarm system for warning a vehicle driver that he or she is falling asleep while driving includes an alarm module mounted in the cabin of the vehicle, preferably above the driver's seat. The module includes an optical beam emitter and receiver directed toward the head of the driver. A reflector is provided to be worn on the head of the driver, either on a hat, cap, headband, or the like. The optical emitter and receiver system is aimed and arranged so that head position associated with loss of wakefulness causes the alarm system to emit a loud warning which wakens the driver immediately. For example, the light beam of the system may be aimed slightly below the expected position of the reflector on the driver's head, so that no light from the optical emitter is reflected to the system receiver when the driver is awake. If the driver begins to doze and the head slumps forward, the reflector is moved into the emitter beam, reflecting light to the optical receiver and setting off the alarm. Alternatively, the optical beam of the system may be aimed toward the expected position of the reflector when the driver is awake, and the system is set to emit an alarm only when the reflected beam is no longer received, as when the driver's head nods forward or sideways upon falling asleep. The optical emitter and receiver preferably operate in a portion of the light spectrum beyond human vision, so that the detector system does not interfere with the driver's visual function. The alarm system of the invention may include a self-contained power supply, or may be connected to the vehicle electrical system. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An alarm system for a vehicle, including; light emitter means for generating a light beam; optical receiver means for detecting reflected light from said light beam; reflector means supported on the head of a driver of the vehicle to reflect said light beam, said reflector means being oriented to reflect said light beam toward said optical receiver when the head of the vehicle driver is in a position indicative of loss of wakefulness; and audio warning means responsive to a signal from said optical receiver means to generate an audio alarm signal to waken the driver. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The alarm system of claim 1, wherein said light emitter means operates at a predetermined wavelength, and said optical receiver means detects said predetermined wavelength. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The alarm system of claim 2, wherein said reflector means includes a reflective material that is optimally reflective at said predetermined wavelength. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The alarm system of claim 3, wherein said reflective material is incorporated into an article of clothing worn on the head of the driver. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The alarm system of claim 3, wherein said predetermined wavelength is within the infrared light spectrum. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The alarm system of claim 1, wherein said light emitter means and said optical receiver are secured within a common module, and further including means for securing said module within said vehicle with said light emitter and optical receiver directed toward the head of the vehicle driver. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The alarm system of claim 6, wherein said audio warning means is secured within said common module. ### Claim 8 An alarm system for a vehicle, including; reflector means supported on the head of a driver of the vehicle to reflect light of a predetermined wavelength, optical means operating at said predetermined wavelength to detect a position of the head of the driver that is indicative of loss of wakefulness and to generated an alarm actuating signal; and audio warning means responsive to said alarm actuating signal to generate an audio alarm signal to waken the driver. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The alarm system of claim 8, wherein said optical means includes light emitter means for directing a light beam toward said reflector means, and optical receiver means for detecting said light beam reflected from said reflector means. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The alarm system of claim 9, wherein said light beam illuminates said reflector means when the head of the driver is disposed in a position indicative of loss of wakefulness. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The alarm system of claim 9, wherein said light beam illuminates said reflector means when the head of the driver is disposed in a position indicative of wakefulness, and said optical means generates an alarm actuating signal when said receiver means fails to receive a light beam reflection from said reflector means. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The alarm system of claim 9, wherein said light emitter means and said optical receiver means are secured within a common housing, and further including adjustable angle mounting means for securing said common housing to an interior surface of the vehicle. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The alarm system of claim 12, wherein said adjustable angle mounting means includes a mounting bracket secured to said interior surface, and a swivel assembly secured between said mounting bracket and said common housing. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The alarm system of claim 8, wherein said reflector means includes a reflective material incorporated into an article of apparel warn on the head of the driver.