# US 5,352,877 A · Non-contact transaction system with token presence detection > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,352,877 A - Document ID: US5352877A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/860,720 - Filed: 1992-03-31 - Granted: 1994-10-04 - Earliest claimed: 1990-03-30 - Assignees: W. & T. Avery Limited - Inventors: Julian D. Morley - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5352877A ## CPC - G06K 7/10128: {the step consisting of detection of the presence of one or more record carriers in the vicinity of the interrogation device} - G06K 7/0008: {General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer} - G06K 19/077: Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier - G07F 7/0866: {by active credit-cards adapted therefor (G07F7/1008 takes precedence)} - G06K: GRAPHICAL DATA READING (image or video recognition or understanding G06V); PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS - G07F: COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS (coin sorting G07D3/00; coin testing G07D5/00; {handling coins or paper currencies apart from payment activated apparatus G07D; payment architectures, schemes or protocols G06Q20/00}) ## Abstract A transaction system includes a portable electronic token and an external read/write unit which communicate by inductive coupling. The read/write unit transmits short pulses of an r.f. carrier when in its dormant or stand-by mode and, upon detecting the presence of a token, switches its r.f. on continuously to power up the token and conduct a transaction. Thus, the system conserves power but can react rapidly when a transaction is necessary. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A transaction system comprising a first body having stand-by and operative modes, said first body being arranged, in said operative mode, for communication inductively with a second body to effect a transaction, said first body including timing means, operable in said stand-by mode, for energizing circuitry of said first body at predetermined intervals each of a first duration of time, said circuitry including generator means for generating and transmitting radio frequency signals of a second duration less than said first duration, said circuitry also including detection means, said detection means being operable for a third duration of time, the third duration of time being coincident with but not greater than said second period of time, said detection means serving to detect the amplitude of the transmitted radio frequency signals and to cause said first body to switch from said stand-by to said operative mode if the detected amplitude is below (indicating the proximity of a second body) a threshold value whereby communication with said detected second body is enabled. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) A transaction system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first body is a read/write terminal and the second body is a portable token having onboard data processing capability. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) A transaction system as claimed in claim 1 further including indicator means for indicating that the second body is in inductive proximity and wherein the indicator means comprises further means for enabling the r.f. signal to be left permanently on until removal of the second body is detected, whereupon stand-by transmission of the r.f. in the form of discrete pulses is re-established. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) A transaction system as claimed in claim 3 wherein the indicator means comprises further indicator means for setting a flag or other indicator which is detectable by an external host to switch the generator means to transmit r.f. continuously. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) A transaction system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said circuitry in said first body includes analog circuitry, said analog circuitry being energized for the whole of each said first duration of time until the second body is detected, at which point said analog circuitry is left permanently on until removal of the second body, said analog circuitry being energized for a period of time prior to commencement of each said second duration and during the same such that the analog circuitry is fully powered up before the transmission of each r.f. signal. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) A transaction system as claimed in claim 5 wherein the analog circuitry within first body is actuated for periods of 10 mS and the r.f. pulse is actuated during the final 0.15 mS of the 10 mS period. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) A transaction system as claimed claim 1 wherein, in the stand-by mode, the pulse frequency of the discrete pulses is selected from a plurality of values. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) A transaction system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the values are one second and 100 mS. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) A transaction system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the r.f. pulse duration is 0.15 mS.