# US 5,351,180 A · Highly fault tolerant active power line conditioner > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,351,180 A - Document ID: US5351180A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/969,772 - Filed: 1992-10-30 - Granted: 1994-09-27 - Earliest claimed: 1992-10-30 - Assignees: Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. - Inventors: Michael B. Brennen; Steven A. Moran; Scott K. Suko - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5351180A ## CPC - H02J 3/01: Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples - H02J 3/1814: having reactive elements actively controlled by bridge converters, e.g. unified power flow controllers [UPFC] or controlled series voltage compensators - Y02E 40/10: Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] - Y02E 40/40: Arrangements for reducing harmonics - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract An improved active power line conditioner is disclosed. The active power line conditioner includes a series inverter coupled to an energy input source, and a parallel inverter coupled to a non-linear load. The non-linear load is powered by a load current which includes fundamental components and harmonic components. An energy storage element is electrically connected between the series inverter and the parallel inverter. The parallel inverter is used for current control functions, while the series inverter is used for instantaneous output voltage regulation. In one embodiment of the invention, a parallel current limiter is used for the parallel inverter. The parallel current limiter is fixed to satisfy specified output voltage total harmonic distortion requirements or peak to rms output current ratios in the active power line conditioner. A series current limiter may be used for the series inverter. The series current limiter is set slightly above the peak of the active power line conditioner input current fundamental. This allows the onset of a small intentional peak output voltage distortion that in turn limits excessive nonlinear load peak currents without back feeding of current harmonics into the input supply of the active power line conditioner. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of operating an active power line conditioner which includes a series inverter coupled to a parallel inverter through an energy storage link, said method comprising the steps of: utilizing said parallel inverter for current control functions within said active power line conditioner; employing said series inverter for instantaneous output voltage regulation functions within said active power line conditioner; limiting the current to said parallel inverter to satisfy a predetermined output voltage total harmonic distortion requirement; and restricting the current to said series inverter at a predetermined value slightly above a peak input current fundamental value. ### Claim 2 An active power line conditioner comprising: a series inverter coupled to an energy input source; a parallel inverter coupled to a load; an energy storage element electrically connected between said series inverter and said parallel inverter; a series filter controller coupled to said series inverter, said series filter controller providing instantaneous output voltage regulation functions for said active power line conditioner; and a parallel filter controller coupled to said parallel inverter, said parallel filter controller providing instantaneous output voltage regulation functions within said active power line conditioner. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said series filter controller receives a voltage input signal corresponding to the voltage input signal to said active power line conditioner. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said series filter controller receives a voltage output signal corresponding to the voltage output signal of said active powerline conditioner. ### Claim 5 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said series filter controller receives an energy storage element voltage output signal corresponding to the voltage of said energy storage element. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to current leaving said energy storage element. ### Claim 7 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a voltage output error. ### Claim 8 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a series filter input current. ### Claim 9 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to current leaving said energy storage element. ### Claim 10 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to the harmonic ripple of output current from said parallel inverter. ### Claim 11 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to output current from said parallel inverter. ### Claim 12 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a voltage output reference signal corresponding to the output voltage of said active power line conditioner. ### Claim 13 (depends on 2) The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said parallel filter controller receives an energy storage element voltage reference signal corresponding to the output voltage of said energy storage element. ### Claim 14 An active power line conditioner comprising: a series inverter coupled to an energy input source; a parallel inverter coupled to a load; an energy storage element electrically connected between said series inverter and said parallel inverter; a series filter controller and coupled to said series inverter, said series filter controller providing instantaneous output voltage regulation functions for said active powerline conditioner; a current restricter coupled to said series inverter, said current restricter being set to satisfy a predetermined value slightly above a peak input current fundamental value; a parallel filter controller coupled to said parallel inverter, said parallel filter controller providing instantaneous output voltage regulation functions within said active power line conditioner; and a current limiter coupled to said parallel filter controller, said current limiter being set to satisfy a predetermined output voltage total harmonic distortion requirement. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives a voltage input reference signal corresponding to the input voltage to said active power line conditioner. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives a voltage output reference signal corresponding to the output voltage from said active power line conditioner. ### Claim 17 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives an energy storage element voltage output signal corresponding tot he voltage output of said energy storage element. ### Claim 18 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to current leaving said energy storage element. ### Claim 19 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a series filter input current. ### Claim 20 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a series displacement power factor correction value. ### Claim 21 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a voltage output error. ### Claim 22 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said series filter controller receives a series current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a product of a derived real fundamental component of an output current from said parallel inverter and a voltage output/input ratio for said active powerline conditioner. ### Claim 23 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to current leaving said energy storage element. ### Claim 24 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to output current from said parallel inverter. ### Claim 25 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to the harmonic ripple of output current from said parallel inverter. ### Claim 26 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a parallel displacement power factor correction value. ### Claim 27 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a parallel current controller reference signal including a current component corresponding to a voltage output error. ### Claim 28 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said parallel filter controller receives a voltage output reference signal corresponding to the voltage output of said active power line conditioner. ### Claim 29 (depends on 14) The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said parallel filter controller receives an energy storage element output voltage corresponding to the output voltage of said energy storage element.