# US 5,351,178 A · Active power line conditioner with a derived load current fundamental signal for fast dynamic response > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,351,178 A - Document ID: US5351178A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 07/969,344 - Filed: 1992-10-30 - Granted: 1994-09-27 - Earliest claimed: 1992-10-30 - Assignees: Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. - Inventors: Michael B. Brennen; Steven A. Moran - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5351178A ## CPC - H02J 3/01: Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples - H02J 3/1814: having reactive elements actively controlled by bridge converters, e.g. unified power flow controllers [UPFC] or controlled series voltage compensators - Y02E 40/10: Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] - Y02E 40/40: Arrangements for reducing harmonics - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract An improved active power line conditioner with fast dynamic response is disclosed. The active power line conditioner includes a series inverter coupled to an energy input source, and a parallel inverter coupled to a non-linear load. The non-linear load is powered by a three phase load current which includes fundamental components and harmonic components. An energy storage element is electrically connected between the series inverter and the parallel inverter. The load current fundamental signal is derived and is multiplied by a derived voltage output/input ratio to render a current reference product. The current reference product may be further modified by a user-set displacement power factor correction ratio. The current reference product is applied to the series inverter for fast dynamic response within the active power line conditioner. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of operating an active power line conditioner which provides a load current, which includes a fundamental component, to a load, said active power line conditioner being of the type which includes a series inverter coupled to said load, said method comprising the steps of: deriving a load current fundamental signal corresponding to said fundamental component of said load current; establishing an active power line conditioner voltage output/input ratio; and multiplying said load current fundamental signal and said voltage output/input ratio to produce a current reference signal which is applied to said series inverter. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of subtracting said current reference signal from said load current fundamental signal to produce a parallel reference signal to be applied to a parallel inverter which is coupled to said series inverter. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said load current is a three phase load current signal and said deriving step includes the step of synchronously transforming said three phase load current signal to derive said load current fundamental signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3 wherein said synchronously transforming step includes the steps of: resolving said three phase load current into a single current vector which rotates at a current vector constant frequency with respect to a stationary reference frame with an i.sub.ds axis and an i.sub.qs axis; generating a reference frame with an i.sub.d axis and an i.sub.q axis which rotates at said current vector constant frequency, and converting said current vector into I.sub.d and I.sub.q signals, each of which includes a dc component corresponding to said fundamental component of said load current; and filtering said I.sub.d and I.sub.q signals to generate I.sub.df and I.sub.qf signals corresponding to said fundamental component of said load current. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4 wherein said synchronously transforming step further includes the steps of: performing the inverse operation of said stationary-to-rotating transformer on said I.sub.df and I.sub.qf signals to generate I.sub.ds' and I.sub.qs' signals; and executing the inverse operation of said 3-to-2 phase transformer on said I.sub.ds' and I.sub.qs' signals, thereby generating a three phase fundamental reference signal corresponding to fundamental components of said three phase load current. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said establishing step includes the step of synchronously transforming a three phase active power line conditioner voltage input signal to derive a voltage input value for said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of dividing said voltage input value into a predetermined voltage output value to establish said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said establishing step includes the step of processing a single phase active power line conditioner voltage input signal, said processing step including the steps of: full wave rectifying said voltage input signal to produce a rectified signal value; and integrating said rectified signal value to render a voltage input value for said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8 further comprising the step of dividing said voltage input value into a predetermined voltage output value to establish said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 wherein said load current is a single phase load current signal and said deriving step further includes the steps of: defining a real power load current fundamental signal component; and determining a reactive power load current fundamental signal component. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein said defining step includes the steps of: multiplying said load current by an active power line conditioner voltage output signal to produce an intermediate real power load current fundamental signal; integrating said intermediate real power load current fundamental signal to produce an integrated real power load current fundamental signal; and multiplying said integrated real power load current fundamental signal by a voltage reference signal to generate said real power load current fundamental signal component. ### Claim 12 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 wherein said determining step includes the steps of: multiplying said load current by a shifted voltage output signal to produce an intermediate reactive power load current fundamental signal, said shifted voltage output signal corresponding to an active power line conditioner output voltage phase shifted by 90 degrees; integrating said intermediate reactive power load current fundamental signal to produce an integrated reactive power load current fundamental signal; and multiplying said integrated reactive power load current fundamental signal by said shifted voltage output signal to generate said reactive power load current fundamental signal component. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12 further comprising the step of generating a parallel inverter signal to be applied to a parallel inverter which is coupled to said series inverter, said generating step including the step of processing said reactive power load current fundamental signal component through a potentiometer to establish said parallel inverter signal and a residual reactive power signal segment. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of combining said reactive power signal segment with said real power load current fundamental signal component to generate said fundamental component of said load current. ### Claim 15 An active power line conditioner comprising: a series inverter coupled to an energy input source which delivers an input voltage; a parallel inverter coupled to a load which receives a load current which includes a fundamental component; an energy storage element electrically connected between said series inverter and said parallel inverter; means for deriving a load current fundamental signal corresponding to said fundamental component of said load current; means for establishing an active power line conditioner voltage output/input ratio; and means for multiplying said load current fundamental signal and said voltage output/input ratio to produce a current reference signal to be applied to said series inverter. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 further comprising means for subtracting said current reference signal from said load current fundamental signal to produce a parallel reference signal to be applied to said parallel inverter. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 wherein load current is a three phase load current signal and said deriving means includes means for synchronously transforming said three phase load current signal to derive said load current fundamental signal. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said establishing means further includes means for synchronously transforming a three phase active power line conditioner voltage input signal to derive a voltage input value for said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising means for dividing said voltage input value into a predetermined voltage output value to establish said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 20 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said establishing means include means for processing a single phase active power line conditioner voltage input signal, said processing means including: a full wave rectifier for receiving said voltage input signal and producing a rectified signal value; and a resettable integrator for receiving said rectified signal value and rendering a voltage input value for said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The apparatus of claim 20 further comprising means for dividing said voltage input value into a predetermined voltage output value to establish said voltage output/input ratio. ### Claim 22 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said load current is a single phase load current signal and said deriving means includes: means for defining a real power load current fundamental signal component; and means for determining a reactive power load current fundamental signal component. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said defining means includes: first means for multiplying said load current by an active power line conditioner voltage output signal to produce an intermediate real power load current fundamental signal; a resettable integrator for integrating said intermediate real power load current fundamental signal to produce an integrated real power load current fundamental signal; and second means for multiplying said integrated real power load current fundamental signal by a voltage reference signal to generate said real power load current fundamental signal component. ### Claim 24 (depends on 22) The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said determining means includes: a first multiplier for multiplying said load current by a shifted voltage output signal to produce an intermediate reactive power load current fundamental signal, said shifted voltage output signal corresponding to an active power line conditioner output voltage phase shifted by 90 degrees; a resettable integrator for integrating said intermediate reactive power load current fundamental signal to produce an integrated reactive power load current fundamental signal; and a second multiplier for multiplying said integrated reactive power load current fundamental signal by said shifted voltage output signal to generate said reactive power load current fundamental signal component. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The apparatus of claim 24 further comprising a potentiometer for receiving said reactive power load current fundamental signal and generating said parallel inverter signal and a residual reactive power signal segment. ### Claim 26 (depends on 25) The apparatus of claim 25 further comprising means for adding said reactive power signal segment with said reactive power load current fundamental signal component to generate said fundamental component of said load current. ### Claim 27 An active power line conditioner comprising: a series inverter coupled to an energy input source which delivers a three-phase input voltage; a parallel inverter coupled to a load, said parallel inverter delivering a three-phase load current, which includes fundamental components, to said load; an energy storage element electrically connected between said series inverter and said parallel inverter; first means for synchronously transforming said three phase load current signal to identify real and reactive load current fundamental components; first means for multiplying said reactive load current fundamental components with a predetermined displacement power factor correction ratio to generate a reactive/displacement reference signal; second means for synchronously transforming said three-phase input voltage into a voltage input value; means for dividing said voltage input value into a voltage output value to establish a voltage output/input ratio; and second means for multiplying a signal corresponding to said reactive/displacement reference signal by said voltage output/input ratio to generate series inverter reference signals to be applied to said series inverter. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The apparatus of claim 27 further comprising: means for adding said reactive load current fundamental components to the inverse of said reactive/displacement reference signal to generate intermediate reference signals. ### Claim 29 (depends on 28) The apparatus of claim 28 further comprising: means for adding said real load current fundamental components to said intermediate reference signals to generate said signal corresponding to said reactive/displacement reference signal.