# US 5,351,147 A · Pulse frequency division multiplexing

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- Number: US 5,351,147 A
- Document ID: US5351147A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/966,784
- Filed: 1992-10-27
- Granted: 1994-09-27
- Earliest claimed: 1992-10-27
- Assignees: Bell Communications Research, Inc.
- Inventors: Anatoly Frenkel
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5351147A

## CPC

- H04J 14/00: Optical multiplex systems
- H04J 14/02: Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)

## Abstract

Data transmissions from each of a multiplicity of users in a fiber-optic communications network employ pulse stream frequencies which uniquely differ by a given period offset, .DELTA.t, and are thus characteristic of each particular user. Such pulse streams 11, 12, etc. are multiplexed for transmission through the network, yet may be individually extracted at the facilities of a receiving user by means of a selector 26 comprising one or more non-linear optical logic devices 35, such as bistable semiconductor laser amplifiers or self-electrooptic effect devices, which are associated with optical delay means 34 having period offset characteristics peculiar to that of a specific transmitting user.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A communications system comprising means for generating a plurality of light pulse streams wherein the frequency of pulses in each said stream is fixed at a different rate; means for combining said pulse streams to form a multiplexed pulse stream; means for transmitting said multiplexed pulse stream to a receiver; means at said receiver for selecting from said multiplexed pulse stream a light pulse stream having a predetermined one of said frequencies; means for encoding data into at least the light pulse stream having said predetermined frequency; and means at said receiver for recovering said encoded data
characterized in that said selecting means comprises:
a) means for replicating said multiplexed pulse stream to yield a plurality of similar multiplexed pulse streams;
b) means for delaying at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams by a time equal to the period of said predetermined frequency;
c) at least a first optical logic gate; and
d) means for directing to said gate as input said delayed pulse stream and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

A system according to claim 1 which further comprises:
a) at least one additional optical logic gate;
b) means for delaying the output of said first gate by a time equal to the period of said predetermined frequency; and
c) means for directing to said additional gate as input said delayed first gate output and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said additional gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency with a lesser bit error rate than said first gate output.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

A system according to claim 2 which comprises a plurality of optical logic gates and wherein the input to each additional gate comprises one of said multiplexed pulse streams and the delayed output of the previous gate.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

A system according to claim 1 wherein said selecting means comprises:
a) means for replicating said multiplexed pulse stream to yield a plurality of similar multiplexed pulse streams;
b) a plurality of means for individually delaying a multiplexed pulse stream by a time equal to the respective period of a different one of said pulse stream frequencies;
c) optical switching means for directing a multiplexed pulse stream to the one of said delay means corresponding to said predetermined frequency;
d) at least a first optical logic gate; and
e) means for directing as input to said gate the output of said one delay means and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

A system according to claim 1 wherein said selecting means comprises:
a) means for replicating said multiplexed pulse stream to yield a plurality of multiplexed pulse streams;
b) means for individually delaying a plurality of said multiplexed pulse streams by a respective time equal to a different multiple of the period of said predetermined frequency;
c) at least a first optical logic gate; and
d) means for directing to said gate as input the output of said delay means and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency and a low bit error rate.

### Claim 6

A method for high capacity network communication of data which comprises generating a plurality of light pulse streams of which the frequency of pulses in each said stream is fixed at a different rate; encoding said data into at least a first light pulse stream having a predetermined one of said frequency rates; combining said plurality of pulse streams to form a multiplexed pulse stream; transmitting said multiplexed pulse stream through a communication network to at least a first receiver; selecting from said multiplexed pulse stream at said receiver the light pulse stream having said predetermined one of said frequencies; and recovering said encoded data from said selected pulse stream
characterized in that said selecting step comprises:
a) replicating said multiplexed pulse stream to yield a plurality of similar multiplexed pulse streams;
b) delaying at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams by a time equal to the period of said predetermined frequency;
c) providing at least a first optical logic gate; and
d) directing to said gate as input said delayed pulse stream and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

A method according to claim 6 which further comprises:
a) providing at least one additional optical logic gate;
b) delaying the output of said first gate by a time equal to the period of said predetermined frequency; and
c) directing to said additional gate as input said delayed first gate output and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said additional gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency with a lesser bit error rate than said first gate output.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

A method according to claim 7 which comprises:
a) providing a plurality of optical logic gates; and
b) directing as input to each additional gate one of said multiplexed pulse streams and the delayed output of the previous gate.

### Claim 9 (depends on 6)

A method according to claim 6 wherein said selecting comprises:
a) replicating said multiplexed pulse stream to yield a plurality of similar multiplexed pulse streams;
b) providing individual means for delaying a plurality of said multiplexed pulse streams by a time equal to the respective period of a different one of said pulse stream frequencies;
c) directing a multiplexed pulse stream tie the one of said delay means corresponding to said predetermined frequency;
d) providing at least a first optical logic gate; and
e) directing as input to said gate the output of said one delay means and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency.

### Claim 10 (depends on 6)

A method according to claim 6 wherein said selecting comprises:
a) replicating said multiplexed pulse stream to yield a plurality of similar multiplexed pulse streams;
b) individually delaying a plurality of said multiplexed pulse streams by a respective time equal to a different multiple of the period of said predetermined frequency;
c) providing at least a first optical logic gate; and
d) directing to said gate as input said delayed pulse streams and at least one of said multiplexed pulse streams,
whereby the output of said gate consists essentially of a pulse stream having said predetermined frequency and a low bit error rate.