# US 5,351,083 A · Picture encoding and/or decoding system

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- Number: US 5,351,083 A
- Document ID: US5351083A
- Status: Granted
- Kind: A
- Application number: 07/957,481
- Filed: 1992-10-07
- Granted: 1994-09-27
- Earliest claimed: 1991-10-17
- Assignees: Sony Corporation
- Inventors: Ikuo Tsukagoshi
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5351083A

## CPC

- H04N 19/98: Adaptive-dynamic-range coding [ADRC]
- H04N 19/112: according to a given display mode, e.g. for interlaced or progressive display mode
- H04N 19/124: Quantisation
- H04N 19/137: Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
- H04N 19/154: Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion (use of rate-distortion criteria H04N19/147)
- H04N 19/17: the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N 19/176: the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
- H04N 19/436: using parallelised computational arrangements
- H04N 19/51: Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N 19/527: Global motion vector estimation
- H04N 19/60: using transform coding
- H04N 19/61: in combination with predictive coding
- H04N 19/86: involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
- H04N 19/146: Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
- H04N 19/152: by measuring the fullness of the transmission buffer
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

## Abstract

In a picture encoding and/or decoding system, fast motion region blocks and slow motion region blocks are repeated by a classifying unit on the basis of motion vector to thereby be able to adaptively change. A majority decision is made as to the predetermined block with the surrounding blocks an isolated block of which is replaced by the surrounding block to thereby be able to enhance picture quality. Data of border portions of adjacent channels divided is overlapped on a border portion of each channel to thereby be able to avoid transmission of unnecessary amount of information.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A motion adaptive picture encoder comprising:
blocking means for dividing input picture data into blocks, each of which includes n pixels in both horizontal and vertical directions (n .times. n) in spatial allocation;
orthogonal transformation means for orthogonally transforming each of said blocks of the picture data;
quantizing means for quantizing orthogonally transformed coefficients of orthogonally transformed picture data from said orthogonal transformation means;
inverse quantizing means for inversely quantizing the orthogonally transformed coefficients of the picture data from said quantizing means;
inverse orthogonal transformation means for inversely orthogonally transforming the orthogonally transformed coefficients of the picture data from said inverse quantizing means;
storage means for storing one frame of the inversely orthogonally transformed picture data from said inverse orthogonal transformation means;
motion vector detection means for detecting a motion vector for each of said blocks from the respective input picture data and from the respective inversely orthogonally transformed picture data in said storage means, each said motion vector determining either a fast or a slow mode of motion for the respective one of said blocks;
classifying means for classifying said blocks into classes comprised of blocks of a fast motion picture region and blocks of a slow motion picture region, respectively, on the basis of the motion vector detected by said motion vector detection means for the respective block;
differential computing means for computing, for each of said blocks, a difference data between the respective input picture data and the respective inversely orthogonally transformed picture data from said storage means;
block power calculating means for calculating a power of each of said blocks of the input picture data and of the respective difference data; and
quantizing step width control means for adaptively changing the quantization step width of said quantizing means and said inverse quantizing means on the basis of the powers calculated by said block power calculating means for each of said blocks of the input picture data and of the respective difference data and on the basis of the one of said classes into which the respective block is classified by said classifying means, so as to assign a rough quantizing step width to blocks of the fast motion picture region and a fine quantizing step width to blocks of the slow motion picture region.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The motion adaptive picture encoder according to claim 1, wherein said classifying means includes means for performing a Mode Assignment Procedure, and means for determining said classes of a target block and blocks surrounding said target block on the basis of said fast or slow mode of motion of said target and surrounding blocks, said classes of the target block and the surrounding blocks forming the basis of a quantizing step plane thereunder.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The motion adaptive picture encoder according to claim 2, wherein said classifying means further includes means for comparing said mode of motion of said target block with said mode of motion of said surrounding blocks and selectively inverting said mode of motion of said target block to said mode of motion of said surrounding blocks so that said mode of motion of said target block is the same as said mode of motion of said surrounding blocks.

### Claim 4

A method for adaptively encoding a motion picture, comprising the steps of:
dividing input picture data into blocks, each of which includes n pixels in both horizontal and vertical direction (n .times. n) in spatial allocation;
orthogonally transforming said picture data of each of said blocks;
quantizing orthogonally transformed coefficients of the orthogonally transformed picture data;
inversely quantizing said quantized data of orthogonally transformed coefficients;
inversely orthogonally transforming said orthogonally transformed coefficients of the inversely quantized picture data;
storing one frame of the inversely orthogonally transformed picture data;
detecting a motion vector for each of said blocks from the respective input picture data from the respective inversely orthogonally transformed picture data, each said motion vector determining either a fast or a slow mode of motion for the respective one of said blocks;
classifying said blocks into classes comprised of blocks of a fast motion picture region and blocks of a slow motion picture region, respectively, on the basis of the motion vector detected for each of said blocks;
computing, for each of said blocks, a difference data between the respective input picture data and the respective stored inversely orthogonally transformed picture data;
calculating a power of each of said blocks of said input picture data and of the respective difference data; and said input picture data; and
adaptively changing the quantization step width in said steps of quantizing and inverse quantizing on the basis of the power calculated for each of said blocks and on the basis of the one of said classes into which the respective block is classified, so as to assign a rough quantizing step width to blocks of the fast motion picture region and a fine quantizing step width to blocks of the slow motion picture region.

### Claim 5

A motion adaptive picture decoder for decoding coded picture data derived by:
dividing input picture data into blocks, each of which includes n pixels in both horizontal and vertical directions (n .times. n) in spatial allocation;
orthogonally transforming said picture data of each of said blocks;
quantizing orthogonally transformed coefficients of the orthogonally transformed picture data;
inversely quantizing said quantized data of orthogonally transformed coefficients;
inverse orthogonally transforming said orthogonally transformed coefficients of the inversely quantized picture data;
storing one frame of said inversely orthogonally transformed picture data;
detecting a motion vector of each of said blocks of said input picture data and of the respective stored inversely orthogonally transformed picture data, each said motion vector determining either a fast or slow mode of motion for each of said blocks;
classifying said blocks into classes comprised of blocks of a fast motion picture region and blocks of a slow motion picture region, respectively on the basis of said respective mode of motion of each of said blocks;
computing, for each of said blocks, a difference data between the respective input picture data and the respective stored inversely orthogonally transformed picture data;
calculating a power of each of said blocks of said input picture data and the respective difference data; and
adaptively changing the quantization step width in said steps of quantizing and inverse quantizing on the basis of said power of each of said blocks and on the basis of the one of said classes into which the respective block is classified, so as to assign a rough quantizing step width to blocks of the fast motion picture region and a fine quantizing step width to blocks of the slow motion picture region, said decoder comprising:
buffer memory means for storing said quantized data;
inverse quantizing means for inversely quantizing said quantized data stored in said buffer memory means in correspondence to said step of quantizing;
inverse orthogonal transforming means for inversely orthogonally transforming said inversely quantized data to said step of orthogonally transforming; and
motion compensation processing means for motion compensating said picture data from said inverse orthogonal transforming means.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The motion picture encoder according to claim 1, further comprising:
a time division multiplexing circuit coupled to said blocking means for dividing input picture data into a plurality of adjacent channels, said adjacent channels having border portions, and supplying said divided picture data to said blocking means; and
overlapping means for overlapping a portion of said picture data in said border portions of said adjacent channels.

### Claim 7

A motion picture encoding apparatus comprising:
a time division multiplexing circuit for dividing picture data into a plurality of adjacent channels, said adjacent channels having border portions;
a motion detecting circuit for detecting motion of said divided picture data and producing an output signal;
a motion adaptive control circuit for motion compensating said output signal derived from said motion detection circuit on the basis of previous and current frame data;
orthogonal transformation means for generating orthogonally transformed coefficients by orthogonally transforming said picture data from said motion adaptive control circuit;
quantizing means for quantizing orthogonally transformed coefficients of picture data orthogonally transformed by said orthogonal transformation means;
inverse quantizing means for inverse quantizing said orthogonally transformed coefficients quantized by said quantizing means;
inverse orthogonal transformation means for inversely transforming said orthogonally transformed coefficients of said picture data inversely quantized by said inverse quantizing means; and
memory means having an overlap/frame memory for storing and overlapping one frame of said picture data inversely orthogonally transformed by said inverse orthogonal transforming means,
said motion detection circuit detects motion vector from picture data stored within said memory means and said motion picture data; and
said memory means is an overlap/frame memory having said border portions of said adjacent channels being overlapped for adaptively coding said picture data, and said picture data stored within said memory means being supplied to said motion detection circuit for detecting a motion vector of said picture data.

### Claim 8 (depends on 3)

The motion adaptive picture encoder according to claim 3, wherein said means for comparing comprises a majority decision filter.

### Claim 9 (depends on 5)

The motion picture decoder according to claim 5, further comprising:
a time division multiplexing circuit for dividing said picture data into a plurality of adjacent channels, said adjacent channels having border portions; and
overlapping means for overlapping a portion of said picture data in said border portions of said adjacent channels.