# US 5,350,434 A · Process and apparatus for making molten steel > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,350,434 A - Document ID: US5350434A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/061,765 - Filed: 1993-05-13 - Granted: 1994-09-27 - Earliest claimed: 1992-05-14 - Assignees: Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft - Inventors: Bernt Rollinger - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5350434A ## CPC - C21B 13/0013: {introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant} - C21C 5/567: {operating in a continuous way} - C21C 5/52: Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces {(C21C5/005 takes precedence)} - C21C 5/565: {Preheating of scrap} - C21C 2007/0093: {Duplex process; Two stage processes} - Y02P 10/20: Recycling - C21B: MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL (preliminary treatment of ferrous ores or scrap C22B1/00) - C21C: PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract The process for making a refined molten steel includes melting preheated solid iron sources and solid carbon sources in a melting vessel with heat generated by electric arc to form a carbon-containing molten material and then melting other preheated solid iron and carbon sources in the carbon-containing molten material by heat generated by combustion reaction in the melting vessel. In the combustion reaction oxygen is fed into the molten material through nozzles located in the melting vessel below the surface of the molten bath. The exhaust gases formed in the melting vessel are used to preheat the solid iron sources and then are burned in an afterburner to reduce pollution. An apparatus for performing the process is also described. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Process for making molten steel comprising the steps of: a) melting preheated solid iron sources and preheated lumps of solid carbon sources loaded into a melting vessel with heat generated by an electric arc to form a carbon-containing molten material having a surface and containing 0.3 to 2.0% by weight carbon and to form an electric arc-generated exhaust gas; b) melting additional preheated solid iron sources and additional preheated lumps of solid carbon sources loaded into the carbon-containing molten material in the melting vessel with heat generated by a combustion reaction, said combustion reaction being performed by feeding oxygen into the molten material during said reacting through nozzles, said nozzles being arranged in the melting vessel below the surface of the molten material, to form a refined molten material having a carbon content below 0.4% by weight and to form a combustion exhaust gas; c) feeding an oxygen-containing gas into the melting vessel above the surface of the molten material during said feeding of said oxygen into the molten material in step b); and d) preheating solid iron sources with said electric arc-generated exhaust gas formed during said step a) and with said combustion exhaust gas formed during step b) in said melting vessel to form the preheated solid iron sources. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, further comprising tapping the melting vessel to obtain the refined molten material which consists of a slag-free molten steel. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, comprising charging said preheated solid iron sources and said preheated lumps of solid carbon sources into said melting vessel prior to melting with said heat from said electric arc. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, wherein said preheating of said solid iron sources produces said preheated solid iron sources at temperatures from 500.degree. to 1200.degree. C. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, wherein said preheated lumps of solid carbon sources comprise coal briquettes sheathed with sheet steel. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) Process as defined in claim 5, wherein said coal briquettes consist of particulate coal having a particle diameter of 0 to 12 mm. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) Process as defined in claim 5, wherein said solid carbon sources also include 10 to 50% by weight heat conducting metallic particles having particle diameters of 0.1 to 10 min. ### Claim 8 (depends on 5) Process as defined in claim 5, wherein said sheet steel sheathing said coal briquettes is not perfectly gastight. ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) Process as defined in claim 5, further comprising preheating said solid carbon sources to form said preheated solid carbon sources and wherein said coal briquettes sheathed with sheet steel are preheated together with said solid iron sources to form said preheated solid iron sources as well as said preheated solid carbon sources. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, further comprising feeding particulate solid low-ash carbonaceous fuels having particle diameters from 0.01 to 1.5 mm into the carbon-containing molten material during said step b) through said nozzles arranged below the surface of the molten material in the melting vessel. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, further comprising feeding particulate solid low-ash carbonaceous fuels into the molten material through at least one of said nozzles together with said oxygen, each of said at least one nozzles consisting of three concentric tubes consisting of a central tube, an intermediate tube and an outer tube; said fuels being fed in an inert gas in said central tube, said oxygen being fed in said intermediate tube and a cooling medium being fed in said outer tube. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, further comprising feeding particulate solid low-ash carbonaceous fuels into the molten material through at least one of said nozzles together with said oxygen, each of said at least one nozzles consisting of two concentric tubes consisting of a central tube and an inner tube; said oxygen being fed through said central tube and said fuels being fed through said inner tube suspended in one of a cooling fluid and an inert gas. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, wherein said oxygen-containing gas is a member selected from the group consisting of oxygen-enriched air, air and oxygen. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, wherein said combustion exhaust gas formed during said step b) in the melting vessel is a CO-containing exhaust gas, and further comprising afterburning said CO-containing exhaust gas in an afterburner to form an afterburned exhaust gas at a temperature of less than 850.degree. C., preheating said solid iron sources with said afterburned exhaust gas and supplying said afterburner with said CO-containing exhaust gas and with a member selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen-enriched air and oxygen to burn the CO-containing exhaust gas. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) Process as defined in claim 1, wherein said electric arc-generated exhaust gas formed during the melting step a) in the melting vessel is a CO-containing exhaust gas and cooling said CO-containing exhaust gas to a temperature of 1100.degree. to 1300.degree. C. by adding a member selected from the group consisting of air, water and mixtures of air and water to said CO-containing exhaust gas prior to preheating said solid iron sources with said CO-containing exhaust gas to form said preheated solid iron sources. ### Claim 16 (depends on 14) Process as defined in claim 14, wherein said CO-containing exhaust gas is heated to a temperature from 1100.degree. to 1300.degree. C. during said afterburning. ### Claim 17 An apparatus for making molten steel comprising a preheater (3), an exhaust gas hood (11), a pivoted cover (19) provided with at least one electrode (22) and an exhaust gas outlet (23), a pivoted combustion chamber (26) provided with an exhaust gas outlet (28), and at least one tiltable melting vessel (20) for a molten material and having a tap (37), at least one blowing lance (35) opening in the melting vessel above a surface (36) of the molten material, and at least one nozzle (30) opening below the at least one blowing lance (35) and below the surface (36) of the molten material, said nozzle consisting of a plurality of concentric tubes. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) An apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein each of said at least one nozzles consists of two concentric tubes. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) An apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein each of said at least one nozzles consists of three concentric tubes. ### Claim 20 (depends on 17) An apparatus as defined in claim 17, further comprising an afterburner chamber (14) connected by a duct (17) with said exhaust gas hood, said exhaust gas hood being connected to said exhaust gas outlets of said pivoted cover and said pivoted combustion chamber. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) An apparatus as defined in claim 20, wherein said exhaust gas hood is connected with said preheater so as to be able to supply exhaust gas to said preheater for preheating solid iron sources and carbon sources. ### Claim 22 (depends on 17) An apparatus as defined in claim 17, wherein said combustion chamber (26) has a volume and said volume of said combustion chamber is 20 to 50% of a volume of said melting vessel above a surface of said molten material.