# US 5,350,254 A · Guided mole > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 5,350,254 A - Document ID: US5350254A - Status: Granted - Kind: A - Application number: 08/156,060 - Filed: 1993-11-22 - Granted: 1994-09-27 - Earliest claimed: 1993-11-22 - Assignees: Foster-Miller, Inc. - Inventors: Allan T. Fisk; David I. Freed; Thomas H. Mann - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US5350254A ## CPC - E21B 7/068: {drilled by a down-hole drilling motor (down-hole drives per se E21B4/00, E21B7/067 takes precedence)} - E21B 7/267: {Drilling devices with senders, e.g. radio-transmitters for position of drilling tool} - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS ## Abstract Boring apparatus for forming a generally horizontal underground passage in soil for a utility conduit or the like that includes a tool head with a base portion and a nose portion mounted on the base portion. The base portion is rotatable relative to the nose portion between a first position in which nose portion surfaces are symmetrical with respect to the tool axis so that the tool will move along a straight path and a second position in which nose portion surfaces are in asymmetrical position with respect to the tool axis so that said tool will move along a curved path. By application of torque to the base portion, the base portion is shifted relative to the nose portion to shift the tool head from between an asymmetrical configuration and symmetrical configuration. Torque generating surface structure interacts with the soil and generates clockwise torque in one tool head position and counter clockwise torque in the other tool head position. ## Claims ### Claim 1 Moling apparatus for forming a generally horizontal underground passage in soil for a utility conduit or the like comprising tool head structure that defines a tool axis, said tool head structure including a base portion and a nose portion mounted on said base portion, said base portion being rotatable relative to said nose portion between a first position in which said nose portion has surfaces which are in symmetrical position with respect to said tool axis and a second position in which said nose surfaces are in asymmetrical position with respect to said tool axis so that said tool will tend to move through soil along a generally straight portion when said nose portion is in said first position and will tend to move through soil along a curved path when said nose portion is in said second position in response to propulsion forces applied to said tool head structure, first surface structure for interacting with the soil in which said tool head structure is disposed to impart torque about said tool axis in a first rotational direction when said nose portion is in said first position and second surface structure for generating torque through interaction with the soil in the opposite rotational direction when said nose portion is in said second position. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second surface structures are on said nose portion. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second surface structures are on said base portion. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second surface structures includes flange structures on said nose portion, said flange structures having leading edge portions inclined relative to said tool axis for interacting with soil to impart torque in one rotational direction when said nose and base portions are in said first position and having different projected areas when said nose and base portions are in said second position to impart torque in the opposite rotational direction when said nose and base portions are in said second position. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first and second surface structures includes first and second sets of torque generating ramp surfaces on said base portion and said nose portion includes structure blocking said first set and exposing said second set in said first position and structure exposing said first set and blocking said second set in said second position. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said torque generating ramp surfaces are grooves. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5 wherein each said set includes one ramp surface. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said nose portion is mounted on said base portion for rotation about a swash axis that is at an angle to said tool axis. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said first and second surface structures includes flange structures on said nose portion, said flange structures having leading edge portions inclined relative to said tool axis for interacting with soil to impart torque in one rotational direction when said nose and base portions are in said first position and having different projected areas when said nose and base portions are in said second position to impart torque in the opposite rotational direction when said nose and base portions are in said second position. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said nose portion is mounted on said base portion for rotation about an axis that is parallel to and offset from said tool axis. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said first and second surface structures includes first and second sets of torque generating ramp surfaces on said base portion and said nose portion includes structure blocking said first set and exposing said second set in said first position and structure exposing said first set and blocking said second set in said second position. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 and further including torsional force applying structure comprising elongated torsionally stiff structure connected to said tool head structure and adapted to extend to the surface of the soil in which said passage is to be formed. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The apparatus of claim 12 and further including pneumatically actuated impact structure, and said torsionally stiff structure is an air hose for supplying pressurized air to said impact structure. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The apparatus of claim 13 and further including operator controllable torque generating structure for applying torsional force to said air hose at the surface of the soil in which said passage is to be formed. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 and further including transmitter structure in said moling apparatus for supplying positional information to a point above the surface of the soil in which said passage is to be formed. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said nose portion is mounted on said base portion for rotation about a swash axis that is at an angle to said tool axis, and said first and second surface structures includes flange structures on said nose portion, said flange structures having leading edge portions inclined relative to said tool axis for interacting with soil to impart torque in one rotational direction when said nose and base portions are in said first position and having different projected areas when said nose and base portions are in said second position to impart torque in the opposite rotational direction when said nose and base portions are in said second position. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16 and further including torsional force applying structure comprising a torsionally stiff air hose connected to said tool head structure and adapted to extend to the surface of the soil in which said passage is to be formed, pneumatically actuated impact structure, said air hose supplying pressurized air to said impact structure, and operator controllable torque generating structure for applying torsional force to said air hose at the surface of the soil in which said passage is to be formed. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said nose portion is mounted on said base portion for rotation about an axis that is parallel to and offset from said tool axis, said first and second surface structures includes first and second groove structures on said base portion and said nose portion includes structure blocking said first groove structure and exposing said second groove structure in said first position and structure exposing said first groove structure and blocking said second groove structure in said second position. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The apparatus of claim 18 and further including torsional force applying structure comprising a torsionally stiff air hose connected to said tool head structure and adapted to extend to the surface of the soil in which said passage is to be formed, pneumatically actuated impact structure, said air hose supplying pressurized air to said impact structure, and operator controllable torque generating structure for applying torsional force to said air hose at the surface of the soil in which said passage is to be formed.